PSY30400 Chapter 8: Chapter 8 Part 9
Chapter 8: Everyday Memory and Memory Errors
• How Real-World Knowledge Affects Memory:
o Making Inferences
▪ memory reports can be influenced by inferences that people make based on
their experiences and knowledge
▪ Pragmatic Inference:
• occurs when reading a sentence leads a person to expect something
that is not explicitly stated or implied by the sentence
o inferences based on knowledge gained by experience
• Example:
o reading that a baby stayed up all night does not say anything
about the baby crying, but people might infer that the baby
was crying just based on what people know about babies
• Think about the baseball example involving indicating whether or not
the runner on first was safe
o Schemas and Scripts:
▪ Schema:
• a perso’s kowledge about some aspect of the environment
o develop them through our experiences in different situations
• Think about the experiment in which subjects sat in an office and
then were asked to write about what they saw in that office
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