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CHEM-UA 125 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Observational Error

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6 Dec 2017

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New York University

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Matter: anything with mass (occupies space/has volume) Mixture: intermingling of two or more substance - physical not chemical. Physical property: can be measured/observed without changing the composition or identity of the substance. Physical change: change in physical properties without any change of composition. Chemical change: change in composition or identity. Lowering of energy two forms: kinetic and potential. Law of conservation of energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed only converted. Scientific approach: observations, hypothesis > good hypothesis can and should predict something you haven"t seen before and must be disprovable. Friday, september 15, 2017: experiments, model (theory) - tested in order to be reliable - otherwise we can think of everything as a theory, further experiment. Weight: force that gravity exerts on an object. Temperature: k (measure of the amount of thermal energy) ( c + 273 = k) Extensive: depend upon sample size (mass, volume, energy). Intensive: don"t depend on sample size (density, temperature).

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Related Questions

I need help doing my lab homework, I missed lab that day because, I was sick and it's due.

Chemical Reactions and Equations Learning objectives To observe physical and chemical properties associated with chemical changes To be able to give evidence for the occurrence of a chemical reaction To write a balanced chemical equation To identify areaction as a combination, decomposition, precipitation, single or double replacement, or combustion reaction ntroduction When a substance undergoes a physical change, it changes its appearance but not its composition. For example, when ice melts to form water, it undergoes a physical change from solid to liquid. In a chemical change, the composition of a substance is changed to give a new substance with different physical and chemical properties. For example, when silver tarnishes, the shiny silver (Ag) changes to a dull gray silver sulfide (AgaS). Not only has the chemical formula changed from Ag to Agus, but also the physical properties (shininess) of the substance have changed. Some examples of physical and chemical changes are listed in Table 1 below. Table 1. Comparison of Physical and Chemical Changes Examples of Physical changes Examples and Evidence of Chemical Changes Change in state (melting, freezing, evaporating Formation of a gas (bubbles) subliming) Formation of a solid (precipitate) Change in size Tearing Change in Color Heat is given off or absorbed A solid dissolving in a solvent In a chemical reaction, atoms in the reactants are rearranged to produce new combinations of atoms in the products. However, the total number of atoms of each element in the reactants is equal to the total number of atoms in the products. This is true according to the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that the total mass remains constant during a chemical reaction. In other words, matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. In a chemical equation, the reactants are shown on the left and the products are on the right. An arrow in between indicates that a chemical reaction occurs. Finally, the physical state of each compound is designated in parentheses after the chemical formula. Solid, liquid, gas, and aqueous (dissolved in water) are shown as(s,(n,(g), and (aq), respectively.