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BIOLOGY 1113H Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Amine, Choline, Phospholipid

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School
Ohio State University
Department
Biology
Course
BIOLOGY 1113H
Professor
Doseff Andrea

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Document Summary

Chapter 5: the structure and function of large biological molecules. Macromolecules: huge molecules that are either carbohydrates, proteins, or nucleic acids. Four main classes of molecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Polymer: long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. Monomers: repeating units that are building blocks of polymers and are smaller. Each class of polymer is made up of different types of monomers. Enzymes: specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions, help increase speed of making and breaking down polymers. Dehydration reaction: where monomers are connected by a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other with the loss of a water molecule (h and oh groups) Hydrolysis: how polymers are disassembled to monomers by adding water to dissemble bonds. 5-2| carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material. Simple sugars are monomer building blocks for bigger chains such as disaccharides.

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Related Questions

1. List the Four Classes of organic macromolecules

2. List the differences between organic and inorganic molecules.

3. Explain how monomers are related to polymers

4. What are the building blocks of the four main Macromolecules?

5. Define the following-A. Dehydration reactions B. Hydrolysis reaction

6. How do humans and plants store polysaccharides?

7. What is a Triglyceride? Please list 3 other lipids outlined in this chapter

please i need help with this qustions answer the multiple choice that is all and be clear not writes un clear stuff just asnswer the qustions please

Question 1

Starch is: (select all the correct answers)

an energy storage carbohydrate in plants
an energy storage carbohydrate in animals
a structural carbohydrate in plants
a polymer of glucose

Question 2

The monomers in starch are joined together by which type of linkage?

beta 1-4 glycosidic linkage
alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkage
alpha 1-6 glycosidic linkage

Question 3

Glycogen is: (select all that are correct)

a polymer of glucose
a long chain molecule with very few if any branches
an energy storage carbohydrate in plants
a highly branched molecule with alpha 1-4 & alpha 1-6 glycosidic linkages
has many beta 1-4 glycosidic linkages
an energy storage carbohydrate in animals

Question 4

What type of reaction will break down glycogen and produce glucose molecules?

Dehydration
polymerization
depolymerization
Hydrolysis

Question 5

Cellulose is: (select all that apply).

an energy storage carbohydrate in plants
has both alpha 1-4 and beta 1-4 glycosidic linkages
a structural carbohydrate in plant cell walls
a polymer of glucose
a structural carbohydrate in animals

Question 6

In cellulose, covalent bonds link glucose monomers and hydrogen bonds hold the long glucose chains together.

True
False

Question 7

Chitin is: (select all that apply)

a polymer of glucose
can be used as sutures
a structural carbohydrate in plants
a structural polysaccaride found in the exoskeleton of animals like arthropods
an energy storage carbohydrate in animals

Question 8

Lipids are not true polymers?

True
False

Question 9

Steroids are lipids

True
False

Question 10

A fat is composed of

4 fused carbon rings
a glycerol and 3 fatty acids
a phosphate a glycerol and 2 fatty acid chains

1. Use the following definitions and phrases to describe to which molecules of life and their subunits it belongs:

a. Energy-storing molecule, typically water soluble - b. Subunits are called monosaccharides – c. Used to speed chemical reactions - d. Subunits are joined to each other with peptide bonds - e. Most prevalent molecule in cell membranes - f. Some of them function as hormones - g. Used for storing, transmitting, and executing genetic information - h. Subunits are nucleotides

2. Weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the many properties of water. Acidity is expressed as pH. Buffers stabilize pH. a. What characteristics of water molecule makes it polar? Provide two examples why this property is important in microbiology. b. What is the role of buffers in living organisms, including microbes? c. What must be added to pure water to decrease OH- and/or H+ concentration, respectively

3. Carbohydrates serve as storage molecules and structural material. Lipids are hydrophobic molecules; phospholipids are main component of cell membranes. Protein has a complex structure based on identity and sequence of amino acids. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are genetic station of storage information and for synthesis of proteins. ATP serve as the main energy source in the living cell. a. Name the subunits (building blocks) of carbs, simple lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids b. What level of protein structure is described as an alpha helix? c. If DNA is placed in boiling water, what and how the molecule would change?