BIOL 2112 Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Lipopolysaccharide, Pseudopodia, Gram-Negative Bacteria
4 Jun 2018
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1.Describe the structures and functions of the diverse features of prokaryotes and explain how
these features have contributed to their success.
3 types of cell shapes
Cocci- round
Bacilli- rod shape
Spirilla- spiral
Prokaryotes have their DNA outside in the nucleoid. They can survive in too cold, hot,
salty, acidic, and alkaline habitats. Prokaryotics also have cell walls and a capsule, which enables
them to adhere to substrates or to other individuals in a colony. This capsule shields pathogenic
prokaryotes from attacks by their host’s immune system. They move around with Flagella and
also have fimbriae which allows them to stick to a surface or each other. Fimbriae also allows
them to latch onto host cells.
2.Explain how populations of prokaryotes can adapt rapidly to changes in their environment.
Populations of prokaryotes occurs by binary fission. They reproduce with extreme
mutation, so members of a population can easily change to its environment.
3.Describe the nutritional diversity of prokaryotes and explain the significance of biofilms.
Nutritional diversity allows them to survive in many areas. Phototrophs capture energy
from the sunlight while Chemotrophs harness the energy stored in chemicals. Autotrophs obtain
carbon atoms from C02 and Heterotrophs obtain their carbon atoms from the organic compounds
present in other organisms.
Biofilms are highly organized colonies that attach to surfaces. Biofilms can form on almost any
surface. Biofilms communicated by chemical signals, coordinate the division of labor, and
collectively defend against invaders. These channels allow nutrients to reach cells in the interior,
wastes to leave, and a variety of environments to develop within it.
4.Explain how prokaryotes help clean up the environment.
They have a great nutritional diversity, are quickly adaptable, and can form biofilms.
Bioremediations is the use of organisms to remove pollutants from soil, air, and water.
5.Compare the characteristics of the three domains of life.
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Document Summary
1. describe the structures and functions of the diverse features of prokaryotes and explain how these features have contributed to their success. Prokaryotes have their dna outside in the nucleoid. They can survive in too cold, hot, salty, acidic, and alkaline habitats. Prokaryotics also have cell walls and a capsule, which enables them to adhere to substrates or to other individuals in a colony. This capsule shields pathogenic prokaryotes from attacks by their host"s immune system. They move around with flagella and also have fimbriae which allows them to stick to a surface or each other. Fimbriae also allows them to latch onto host cells. 2. explain how populations of prokaryotes can adapt rapidly to changes in their environment. They reproduce with extreme mutation, so members of a population can easily change to its environment. 3. describe the nutritional diversity of prokaryotes and explain the significance of biofilms. Nutritional diversity allows them to survive in many areas.
