BSCI 103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Plasmid, Circular Rna, Provirus
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11 Dec 2016
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Bacteriophages - viruses known to consist only of protein and dna. The structure of dna was discovered by watson and crick. Components of dna 4 types of nucleotides: nucleotides consist of, a five carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen containing base. Patterns of base paring: dna is a double helix, a always pairs with t (a-t, c always pairs with g (c-g) From dna to proteins: transcription in the nucleus, dna serves as a template for strand of rna, rna, carries protein building instructions, a = adenine, u = uracil, g = guanine, c = cytosine; pairings a-u and. Introns = inactive portions of dna and rna, clipped out to form the mature mrna which contains only exons. Some dna viruses can enter the host dna and remain dormant for long periods of time. Hiv which causes aids is a retrovirus.
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QUESTION 1. Compared to eukaryotic genomes, only prokaryotic genomes:
A. contain DNA organized by histones. |
B. contain usually one, circular chromosome. |
C. contain plasmid DNA. |
D. have chromosomes contained in a nucleus. |
QUESTION 2. Azathioprine is a drug that may be prescribed to transplant recipients to reduce the chance of tissue rejection reactions. In its active state, it acts as a purine analogue, inhibiting DNA biosynthesis. This means that 6-mercaptopurine will be inserted in place of a purine containing nucleotides during DNA replication. Given this drug's mode of action, you would expect it to be incorporated into DNA in place of:
A. nucleotides containing guanine or cytosine. |
B. nucleotides containing adenine or thymine. |
C nucleotides containing adenine or guanine. |
D. nucleotides containing guanine nucleotide or uracil. |
QUESTION 3. RNA is distinguished from DNA because only RNA:
A. typically exists as a single-stranded molecule. |
B. has a 3' to 5' directionality. |
C. is composed of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose. |
D. is composed of nucleotides that contain the nitrogen bases T, C, G, and A. |
QUESTION 4. How are RNA nucleotides different from DNA nucleotides? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.
A. RNA nucleotides do not contain thymine. |
B. RNA nucleotides use the sugar ribose, while DNA nucleotides do not. |
C. RNA nucleotides lack phosphate. |
D. RNA nucleotides incorporate pyrimidine nitrogen bases, while DNA nucleotides only incorporate purine nitrogen bases. |