CHEM 135 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Covalent Bond, Combustion Analysis, Organic Compound

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lilachyena773

18 Sep 2018

School

University of Maryland

Department

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Course

CHEM 135

Professor

John Ondov

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Hydrogen: explosive gas used as fuel in rocket engines, low boiling point. Oxygen: not flammable but must be present for combustion, low boiling point. Water is nothing like the hydrogen and oxygen from which it was formed. Compounds can have very different properties from the elements by which it was formed. Compounds are composed of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Ionic bonds: occur between metals and nonmetals, involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Covalent bonds: occur between two or more nonmetals, involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Ionic compound: the solid phase is composed of a lattice of alternating cations and anions. Shared electrons have lower potential energy because they interact with the nuclei of both atoms. 3. 3 representing compounds: chemical formulas and molecular models. Chemical formula: indicates which elements are present in the compound and the relative number of atoms or ions of each.

Related Questions

Which of the following are true? [check all that apply] Ternary salts are compounds that result from replacing the hydrogen in a ternary acid with metal ion or ammonium ion. Ternary compound consists of two elements. Most transition metals and the metals of group 3A (except Al), 4A, and 5A exhibit more than one oxidation state, thus, they may form two or more binary compounds with the same nonmetals. Ternary acids are compounds of hydrogen, oxygen and (usually) a metal. Nearly all binary molecular compounds involve two nonmetals bonded together. Prefix tetra- represents the number five. Binary compound consists of two elements. To name binary compound, the less electronegative element is named first and the more electronegative element is named second. Binary acids arc compounds in which H is bonded to a group 6A element other than that O or to a group 7A element. To name binary ionic compounds which contains metal cations and nonmetal anions, the anion Is named first and cation

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Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. In the benzene molecule, carbon atoms form a ring with alternating single and double bonds connecting them. Thus, each individual carbon atom forms one ? bond with another carbon atom and one ? and one ? bond with another carbon atom. Each carbon atom also forms one ? bond with a hydrogen atom. Identify which types of orbitals overlap to form the bonds between the atoms in a benzene molecule. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

Attached is picture. Please explain/show work, will give 5 stars to correct answer, thank you very much! :)

Chemical bonds are formed by linear combinations of atomic orbital's. These atomic orbital's should have compatible energies. An axial overlap of these orbitals results in the formation of a sigma bond, whereas a lateral overlap results in the formation of a pi bond. When two atomic orbitai's on different atoms approach each other, two molecular orbital's are formed: one bonding molecular orbital and one antibonding molecular orbital. The bonding molecular orbital has a lower energy than the corresponding atomic orbital's: antibonding orbital's have higher energies than the corresponding atomic orbital's. An example using the hydrogen molecule is shown here. However, the same rule applies to systems with multiple atomic orbital's. For each atomic orbital that overlaps, one molecular orbital must form. In the diagram below. 1s orbitais from two hydrogen atoms combine to form one bonding sigma1 orbital and one antibonding orbital. The total number of bonding and antibonding orbital's is always equal to the number of orbital's that overlap. Similarly, molecular orbital's can also be formed by the overlapping of hybrid orbital's. The hybrid orbital's are formed by the linear combination of different atomic orbital's of nearly equal energy on the same atom. The atomic orbital's of nearly equal energy undergo a process of mixing and reorientation to form new orbital's of lower energy. This process is called hybridization For example, hybridization of one s and two p orbital's on an atom forms three sp2 hybrid orbital's. Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. In the benzene molecule, carbon atoms form a ring with alternating single and double bonds connecting them. Thus, each individual carbon atom forms one sigma bond with another carbon atom and one sigma and one pi bond with another carbon atom. Each carbon atom also forms one sigma bond with a hydrogen atom. Identify which types of orbital's overlap to form the bonds between the atoms in a benzene molecule.

CHEM 135 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Covalent Bond, Combustion Analysis, Organic Compound

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