CHEM 135 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Intermolecular Force, Atomic Orbital, Molar Mass
Document Summary
Intermolecular forces exist among all the particles that compose matter. Thermal energy compared to intermolecular forces plays a role in determining state. 11. 2 solids, liquids, and gases: a molecular comparison. Liquids and solids are more similar to each other in comparison to gases. Solids can be crystalline (atoms/molecules are arranged in a well-ordered 3d array. Solids can be amorphous (atoms/molecules have no long-range order) Can be caused by change in temp, pressure, both. 11. 3 intermolecular forces: the forces that hold condensed states together. Moderate to strong = liquids and solids. Intermolecular forces come from charges, partial charges, temporary charges (bonding forces) Intermolecular forces are much weaker than bonding forces. Result of flucuations in electon distribution within molecules/atoms. Instantaneous dipole or temporary dipole (electrons may be uneven at any one instant) Magnitude depends on how easy electrons in atom or molecule can move to polarize in response to instantaneous dipole, which depends on size/volume of electron cloud.