CHEM 135 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Noble Gas, Fluorine, Nonmetal

• School: University of Maryland
• Department: Chemistry and Biochemistry
• Course: CHEM 135
• Professor: Alice Mignerey

Document Summary

Bonding atomic radius is of the distance between covalently bonded nuclei. Decreases from left to right across a row. Increases from top to bottom of a column. Amount of energy required to remove an electron from the gaseous atom or ion. First ionization energy= energy required to remove first electron. Second ionization energy= energy required to remove second electron. More energy is required to remove each successive electron. When all valence electrons have been removed the ionization energy greatly increased or take a quantum leap. Moving top to bottom in a column, ionization energy decrease as it requires less energy to remove the first electron. Left to right across a row, ionization energy increases as it becomes harder to remove an electron. Between groups iia and iiia (electron is removed from a p-orbital rather than an s-orbital) Between groups va and via (electron removal comes from doubly occupies orbital, removal aided by repulsion of other electron.