BIL 150 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: G Protein–Coupled Receptor, Signal Transduction, Protein Kinase A
28 Apr 2016
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In local signaling cells may communicate by direct contact through cell junctions: gap junctions in animal cells & plasmodesmata in plant cells, signaling substances in cytosol can pass freely b/w adjacent cells, direct contact communication (cell-cell recognition) Paracrine signaling is when singlaing cell secretes messenger molecules and many cells nearby can receive and respond to them. It is when an electrical signal along nerve cell triggers neurotransmitter secretion which diffuse across the synapse (space b/w nerve cell and target cell) and triggers a response in the cell. Endocrine signaling involves hormones and is long distance signaling. Specialized cells release hormone molecules that travel in circulatory system to other body parts that can recognise and respond to them. Earl sutherland discovered how the hormone epinephrine acts on cells receiving signals went through 3 stages: Suggested cells: reception: chemical signal detected when signaling molecule binds to a receptor protein, transduction: binding of the molecule changes the receptor protein.
