BIO 110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Peptide Bond, Peptide, Covalent Bond
Document Summary
Chapter 3 - nucleic acids, proteins, and enzymes. Concept 3. 1 - nucleic acids are informational macromolecules. Nucleic acids - polymers that store, transmit, and express hereditary information. Dna (deoxyribonucleic acid) - stores and transmits genetic information. Rna (ribonucleic acid) - information encoded in dna is used to specify amino acid sequences. Nucleic acids and proteins determine the metabolic functions of an organism. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids. Nucleotide - consists of a nitrogen-containing base, a pentose sugar, and 1-3 phosphate groups. Pyrimidines: single-ring structure - cytosine (c), thymine (t), uracil (u) Purines: double-ring structure - adenine (a), guanine (g) Phosphodiester bond - when the phosphate of a nucleotide and a pentose of a nucleotide undergo a condensation reaction. Nucleic acids grow in the 5" to 3" direction. Oligonucleotides - include rna that function as primers to being duplication of. Dna, rna that regulates expression of genes; and synthetic dna used for analyzing other nucleotide sequences.
