BIOL 180 Chapter Notes - Chapter 28: Genetic Drift, Data Matrix
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BIOL 180 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Phylogeny - evolutionary history of a group of organisms. Phylogenetic tree - graphical summary of this history, showing ancestor-descendant relationships among populations, species, or higher taxa and clarifying who is related to whom. Tree of life - most universal of all phylogenetic trees, depicting evolutionary relationships among all living organisms on earth. Phylogenetic trees have revolutionized study of evolution: ex: Can be used in taxonomy to define species. Can provide evidence for endosymbiosis theory - that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living bacteria. Phylogenetic trees can be used to examine how hiv virus jumped from other primates to humans. Can aid in identifying species that are a priority for conservation. They are extremely effective at summarizing data and testing hypotheses. Anatomy of a phylogenetic tree: branch - represents population through time. Right = more recent/derived: node (fork) - point within the tree where a branch splits into two or more branches.
