MICROM 301 Chapter Notes - Chapter 20: Prontosil, Benzyl Group, Glycan
29 Nov 2017
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Document Summary
Substances causes greater harm to microbes than to human host. Lowest dose toxic to the patient divided by the dose typically used for therapy, higher number is good, means its less toxic. Counteracting combinations (ex: bacteriostatic antimicrobials that prevent cell division, interfere with action of bactericidal medications that kill actively dividing cells) Combinations in which activity of one medication enhances the activity of the other. Inherently resistant to the effects of antimicrobial medications. Development of resistance in a previously sensitive organism, occurs through spontaneous mutation or horizontal gene transfer. Interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to the amino side chain of nam molecules, blocking the formation of cross-links between adjacent glycan chains, causes cell to lyse, only effective against gram-positive bacteria. Preferred because they are the most effective as well as least toxic. Used for strains resistant to first-line drugs, less effective or greater risk of toxicity.
