BIO SCI 93 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13.4: Zygote, Natural Selection, Mendelian Inheritance
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Origins of genetic variation among offspring: the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization is responsible for most of the variation that arises in each generation, 3 mechanisms contribute to the genetic variation arising from sexual reproduction: In humans n = 23 223 = about 8. 4 million. Each gamete that you produce in your lifetime contains one of roughly 8. 4 million possible combinations of chromosomes. Crossing over: crossing over produces recombinant chromosomes. Factor in the variation brought about by crossing over, # of possibilities greatly increases. The dipole number for fruit flies is 8, and the diploid number for grasshoppers is 46. Mutations in a gene leads to the different versions (alleles) of that gene. W/o crossing over, independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis i theoretically can generate 2n possible haploid gametes, and random fertilization can produce 2n x 2n possible diploid zygotes.