EURO ST 10 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Practical Reason, Deontological Ethics, Consequentialism

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mauvemole377

16 Dec 2019

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Act according to maxims (rules) that could be made universal law. Then there would be no possibility of distinguishing what is true and so we encounter a contradiction. Hence, we may never tell a lie. If you make this principle (imperative) the sole reason for your actions, you will act morally. You will determine your actions according to what is right, what is your. To act ethically is to do what is right because it is right. They are not objects of knowledge but we can know them in some other way. We can know, using practical reason , what we ought to do. What i ought to do is, by definition, not a part of nature. By definition, what i ought to do is not something present in the world. That is, we have in us a sense of the moral law . But not just a sense of what is right.

Related Questions

Which person best represents Kantian deontology?

		Susie refused the take Jimmy's life because to kill him would be to treat Jimmy purely as an instrument or object to whatever end she was trying to achieve.
		Susie refused to take Jimmy's life, even in self defense, because in her religion it is considered a sin for which she will be punished by her god.
		Susie refused to take Jimmy's life because if all people were to take the lives of others the world would be chaos.
		Susie refused to take Jimmy's life because doing so would make her a vicious person.

According to Kant's theory, being capable of acting morally means you have dignity and to have dignity means you are priceless. Things and persons who lack this capacity, lack moral worth.

True

False

According to Kant's theory, there are certain actions, such as lying, that we are never permitted to do regardless of the affects of those actions on others.

True

False

What gives humans value for Kant?

Being valued by others.

Having the capacity to reason.

Having capacity to love others.

Acting morally.

All are important components in Kantâs theory except for which of the following:

The motive from which we perform our actions.

The universalizability of actions.

The consequences of our actions.

Recognizing the dignity of humanity.

To properly apply the original (universal law) formula of the Categorical Imperative (Act only on that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should be become a universal law, we should take do which of the following:

Ask ourselves "Would I want this done to me?"

Ask ourselves "If all rational beings were to do this action, would there be negative consequences."

Ask ourselves "Would I want my action to become one that all rational beings should follow?"

Ask ourselves "If all rational beings were to follow this action, would it create a logical contradiction?"

If we were to apply the Humanity Formulation of the Categorical Imperative, we would:

		Ask ourselves, "What would be the consequences of such an action on humanity?"
		Ask ourselves, "Is my action recognizing my dignity and the dignity of others or is it treating myself or others as a mere object?
		Ask ourselves, "Do I want to place a value on human life?"
		Ask oursleves, "Will treating myself or others in this way make me a moral person?"

1. Whistleblowing in the private employment sector in the United States typically is

Not protected by a uniform federal law

Protected under some state whistleblower protection statutes

Usually protected by the law if the disclosure is made to the media since the disclosure will be widespread and thus do the most good

Never required morally pursuant to Kantian ethics since the consequences for the whistleblowing employees usually are harsh, for example, loss of employment.

2. Advocate Antonio believes that corporations should not only be held accountable for their financial states, but also for some level of charitable and community and civic involvement. Antonio's beliefs would most likely be defined as:

A code of ethics

A social responsibility view

A corporate moral audit

A distributive justice legal theory.

3. What did Kant mean by the "Categorical" part to his Categorical Imperative?

You must act legally, period, because the "law is the law."

You and your company must act in a socially responsible manner if you and your company want to be placed in the "good corporate citizen" category.

You must act morally if the consequences are definitely good for you and your firm.

You must act morally based on what your reason informs you is the supreme ethical principle and the correct moral course of action regardless of consequences.

4. As to why a company should be a socially responsible one and get involved in civic and charitable affairs, Socrates would likely argue:

Justice is the will of the stronger.

Money comes from virtue.

Ignorance of the law is no excuse.

Virtue comes from money.

5. Happy Feet manufactures shoes in Country Y for sale in the United States. Happy Feet's president discovers that the Country Y workers' average age is sixteen and that they work on average of 13.2 hours per day in a 90 degree warehouse with insufficient safety precautions, all of which practices are legal in Country Y. The president of Happy Feet decides to improve the working hours and conditions of the company's workforce, even though these actions will be more expensive for the company. The president's decision is best described as

Lawful profit maximization

Moral profit-making

Illegal since the shareholders of Happy Feet might be harmed

Social Darwinism.

6. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Morals are legal minimums.

Morals are legal maximums.

Laws are moral minimums.

Laws are moral maximums.

7. International Sales Corporation, like other business, has enforceable duties prescribed by

Ethics and the law

Ethics only

Neither ethics nor the law

The law only

8. Which is an accurate statement about the modern business corporation|

The corporation, once approved by the state and given a corporate charter, is a legal actor and artificial "person" endowed with legal and certain constitutional rights.

According to the traditional, conservative, Milton Friedman, organizational view of the corporation, it is only a legal actor and has no moral or social responsibility and just must obey the law and pay taxes.

A true corporate code of ethics today must have some provisions that go "above and beyond" the law; that is, an ethics code cannot be a mere "restatement" of the law.

All of the above.

9. A problem with the Last Resort principle when applied to business is:

Does business have the capability to help and to aid the community and local charities?

Is business the last real alternative to help and to aid the community and local charities?:

Are there potential legal liability issues for helping, aiding, and rescuing?

All of the above.

10. A spray paint company discovers that its products are being misused by children and young people, who get "high" sniffing the fumes. There are no warning labels on the spray paint cans. The company would be best deemed to have what type(s) of obligation and duty to take steps to protect children and young people?

An ethical obligation but not a legal duty

A legal obligation but not an ethical obligation

Both an ethical obligation and a legal duty

Neither an ethical obligation nor a legal duty.