CHEM 14A Chapter Notes - Chapter J.1: Chemical Formula, Svante Arrhenius, Organic Acid

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6 Dec 2020

School

UCLA

Department

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Course

CHEM 14A

Professor

Dr.Laurence Lavelle

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Document Summary

Early chemists applies the term acid to substances that had a sharp or sour taste. Aqueous solutions of substances that they called bases or alkalis were recognized by their soapy feel. Acid and bases change the color of certain dyes known as indicators. Ph lower than 7 is characteristics of an acidic solution. Ph higher than 7 is characteristic of a basic solution. Defined an acid as a compound that contains hydrogens and reacts with water to form hydrogen ions and base as a compound that produces hydroxide ions in water. Sodium metal, although it produces oh- ions when it reacts with water, is not an. Arrhenius base because it is an element, not a compound. The problem with the arrhenius definitions is they are specific to one particular solvent, water. Bronsted-lowry definition is the one commonly accepted today and the one used throughout this text.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

Which of the following substances is most acidic?

		Cowâs milk - pH 6.6
		Apple juice - pH 3.0
		Tomato juice - pH 4.5
		Distilled water - pH 7.0

2 points

QUESTION 2

A buffer is a substance that converts:

Alkaline solutions to neutral solutions.

Acidic solutions to alkaline solutions.

Strong bases or acids to weak bases or acids.

Acidic solutions to neutral solutions.

QUESTION 3

How does a solution of pH 7 compare to a solution of pH 10?

		pH 7 has more OH^- ions
		pH 7 is more basic
		pH 7 has a higher pH
		pH 7 has more H⁺ ions

2 points

QUESTION 4

According to the Arrhenius Theory of acids and bases, a base is:

A substance that decrease the amount of hydroxide ions present.

A substance that increases the amount of hydroxide ions present when it is dissolved in water.

A substance that increase the amount of hydrogen ions present.

A substance that increases the amount of hydrogen ions present when it is dissolved in water.

QUESTION 5

Which of the following are true regarding acid-base titrations?

		They are used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base.
		The acid or the base must be a standard solution with a known concentration
		The standard solution is titrated into the chemical with the unknown concentration.
		All of the above are true regarding acid-base titrations.

2 points

QUESTION 6

Which of the following is not an example of a neutralization reaction?

HCl + NaOH NaCl +H₂O

2 NaOH + H₂CO₃ Na₂CO₃ +2 H₂O

H₂SO₄ + 2 NH₄OH (NH₄)₂SO₄ + 2 H₂O

2 AgNO₃ + Zn 2Ag +Zn(NO₃)₂

QUESTION 7

Which acid base theory defines an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor?

		Arrhenius Theory
		Bronsted-Lowery Theory
		Conjugate Pairs Theory
		Lewis Theory

2 points

QUESTION 8

The Arrhenius Theory states that acid-base reactions create a solution composed of a water and a salt. This is because mixing an acidic and basic solution together yields:

A neutral solution

A solution with a pH at or near 7

Both A and B are correct

QUESTION 9

Which of the following correctly defines a standard solution?

		A solution which always has the same molecular geometry.
		A solution in which the concentration is precisely known.
		A solution in which the volume is precisely known.
		A solution which always has different levels of solutes and solvents.

2 points

QUESTION 10

Acids naturally present in food are generally safe to eat because they are usually:

		Concentrated
		Dilute
		Weak
		Strong

None of the above are correct

Which stament is NOT consistent with the Arrhenius theory ofacid-base reactions?

a. an acid is a substance that contains hydrogen and produces H+in aqueous solution.

b. a base is a substance that contains the OH group and producesOH- aqueous solution

c. Ammonia is classified as a base

d.Neutralization is the combination of H+ ions with OH- ions toform H2O

e. THe Arrhenius theory satisfactorily explained the reactionsof protonic acids with metal hydrozides.

CHEM 14A Chapter Notes - Chapter J.1: Chemical Formula, Svante Arrhenius, Organic Acid

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