LIFESCI 2 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9.2-9.3: Protein Kinase, Transmembrane Protein, Insulin Receptor
21 Oct 2016
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Cell communication systems with surface receptors: 3 components, extracellular signaling molecules released by controlling cells, surface receptors on target cells that receive signals. Internal response pathways triggered when receptors bind to signaling molecule: other characteristics of surface receptors, recognize and bind polar, water-soluble signaling molecules, 2 major types of polar signaling molecules, polar hormones (not steroids, neurotransmitters. G-protein-coupled receptors activate an inner membrane protein and lack protein. If first messenger is released: gtp is hydrolyzed to gdp inactivating the g protein and turning off response pathway, operation of two major g-protein-coupled receptor-response pathways. Involving different second messengers: cyclic amp (camp)= cyclic 3", 5" - adenosine monophosphate, derived from atp, water soluble molecule, produced by effector adenylyl cyclase converting atp to camp, camp diffuses through cytoplasm and activates protein kinases. Inositol triphophate (ip3) and diacylglycerol (dag: effector is phospholipase c (1) produces both second messengers by breaking down membrane phospholipid (pip2) b)
