LIFESCI 3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Nitrocellulose, Northern Blot, Rna Silencing
Document Summary
Nucleotides comprise phosphates and characteristic bases and sugars. Nucleotide: heterocyclic base + five-carbon sugar (pentose) + phosphate group. Heterocyclic compound: one or more ring structures that contain atoms of at least two different elements. Parent compounds from which bases are derived. Glycosidic bond: covalent bond of a base to the 1" carbon of pentose. Phosphate group covalently bonds to 5" carbon of pentose, forming an ester. Ribose: has hydroxyl group attached 2" carbon. Deoxyribose: has h attached to 2" carbon. In nucleotides, both are in beta-furanose (closed 5 member ring) form. Minor bases are methylated forms of major bases. Enzymatic modification of nucleotides to remove/add functional group. Cells also contain nucleotides with phosphate groups in positions other than on the 5". Or replacement of a standard base with a less common one carbon. Phosphodiester bonds link the nucleotide units in nucleic acids. 5" phosphate group of one nucleotide is linked to 3" hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide.
