STATS 13 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1.1-1.3: Null Hypothesis, Alternative Hypothesis, Coin Flipping
Document Summary
Xi: the value of the ith observation for a variable of interest. Statistical significance: indicates strength of the evidence. Four main types of conclusions/inferences drawn from data: significance, estimation, generalization, causation. Statistically significant: unlikely to have occurred due to random chance alone. Not consistent with simulated results of chance model. Sample: set of observational units on which we collect data. Statistic: number summarizing the results of the sample. Parameter: unknown long-run numerical property of the process. Chance model: generates data from a random process to help investigate processes. After many repetitions we can determine whether the distribution of one result has a predictable long-run pattern and how much variability is present by random chance. This model can then be used to determine whether an outcome was due to random chance. Presses button 15 out of 16 times. There is strong evidence the dolphin is not guessing; result is statistically significant.
