CHEM 140A Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Protic Solvent, Solvolysis, Sn1 Reaction
23 Nov 2016
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Chapter 7 - further reactions of haloalkanes page 251 - page. Solvolysis of tertiary and secondary haloalkanes page 251 - page 252. Secondary and tertiary halides undergo substitution through another mechanism. Solvolysis occurs when substrate undergoes substitution by solvent molecules. Hydrolysis occurs when substrate undergoes substitution by water. Mechanism of of solvolysis of secondary and tertiary haloalkanes must be different than from. Will use same factors to explain kinetics, stereochemistry, substrate structure, solvent on reaction rates. Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution page 252 - page 256. Sn2 reaction has second-order kinetics, stereospecific products with inversion of configuration, fastest with halomethanes, doesn"t react with tertiary substrate. Solvolysis has first-order substrate, not stereospecific, characterized by opposite order of reactivity. Sn2 reaction proportional to concentration of both reactants. Hydrolysis of bromide is proportional to concentration of only starting halide, not water. Rate-determining step - the step that determines the overall reaction rate because it is the slowest step in a sequence.
