CHEM 140A Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Diethyl Ether, Retrosynthetic Analysis, Orbital Hybridisation
7 Dec 2016
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Ochem textbook notes chapter 8: hydroxy functional group: alcohols. Hydroxy functional group: -oh: alcohols contain hydroxy functional group on carbon backbone. Alcohols both have systematic and common names. Systematic names: alkane e + ol, alkane -> alkanol, methane -> methanol. In branched systems, name of alcohol based on longest chain containing the oh substituent, not necessarily the longest chain in the molecule: number carbon atoms beginning from end closest to oh group. If more than one hydroxy substituent, molecule is diol, triol, etc. Cyclic alcohols: cycloalkanols: carbon carrying the functional group is numbered 1st, when names as a substituent, oh group is hydroxy. Occurs when different functional group takes higher precedence. Common names: name of alkyl group + alcohol, ex: methyl alcohol. The structure of alcohols resembles that of water: similar tetrahedral bond angles, o-h bond shorter than c-h bond, o-h bond polarized, so hydrogen has partial positive, like in water.
