PSYC 3325 Chapter 4: Theoretical and Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology
8 Feb 2019
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Document Summary
Intelligence, emotional reactivity, impulsiveness, shyness, and aggression show high test-retest correlations: traits that are thought to have a biological basis, such as extraversion, sensation seeking, activity level, and shyness also show consistency over time. Consistency across situations: situations often control how people behave, situationism: situational differences, not underlying personality traits, determine behavior, led to the notion of person situation interaction and the practice of aggregation. Evocation: certain personality traits may evoke specific responses from the environment, people may create their own environments by eliciting certain responses from others. Manipulation: the various means by which people influence the behavior of others, the intentional use of certain tactics to coerce, influence, or change others, changes the social situation alters the environment already inhabited. Individuals differ in the tactics of manipulation they use. Measurement issues: the trait approach to personality relies mostly on self-report questionnaires, traits are represented as dimensions along which people differ from each other.
