.pf{position:relative;background-color:#fff;overflow:hidden;margin:0;border:0}.pc{position:absolute;border:0;padding:0;margin:0;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;overflow:hidden;display:block;transform-origin:0 0;-ms-transform-origin:0 0;-webkit-transform-origin:0 0}.bi{position:absolute;border:0;margin:0}.c{position:absolute;border:0;padding:0;margin:0;overflow:hidden;display:block}.t{position:absolute;white-space:pre;font-size:1px;transform-origin:0 100%;-ms-transform-origin:0 100%;-webkit-transform-origin:0 100%;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;-moz-font-feature-settings:"liga" 0}.t:after{content:''}.t:before{content:'';display:inline-block}.t span{position:relative;unicode-bidi:bidi-override}._{display:inline-block;color:transparent;z-index:-1}.pi{display:none}@media screen{.pf{margin:13px auto;box-shadow:1px 1px 3px 1px #333;border-collapse:separate}}.ff1{font-family:ff1;line-height:.975586;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;visibility:visible}.ff2{font-family:ff2;line-height:1.031738;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;visibility:visible}.ff3{font-family:ff3;line-height:1.336;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;visibility:visible}.ff4{font-family:ff4;line-height:.937012;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;visibility:visible}.m0{transform:matrix(.320323,0,0,.320323,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(.320323,0,0,.320323,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(.320323,0,0,.320323,0,0)}.v0{vertical-align:0}.v1{vertical-align:8.563596px}.ls7{letter-spacing:-.201285px}.ls9{letter-spacing:-.154465px}.ls5{letter-spacing:-.148863px}.lse{letter-spacing:-.122451px}.lsc{letter-spacing:-.118050px}.ls11{letter-spacing:-.105244px}.ls3{letter-spacing:-.104444px}.ls12{letter-spacing:-.102843px}.ls4{letter-spacing:-.081234px}.lsb{letter-spacing:-.068429px}.lsa{letter-spacing:-.063227px}.lsd{letter-spacing:-.033534px}.ls6{letter-spacing:-.021889px}.lsf{letter-spacing:-.009204px}.ls2{letter-spacing:0}.ls8{letter-spacing:.020369px}.ls15{letter-spacing:.032374px}.ls13{letter-spacing:.045619px}.ls10{letter-spacing:.072831px}.ls1{letter-spacing:6.914839px}.ls0{letter-spacing:7.090145px}.sc0{text-shadow:-.015em 0 transparent,0 .015em transparent,.015em 0 transparent,0 -.015em transparent}@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0){.sc0{-webkit-text-stroke:.015em transparent;text-shadow:none}}.ws0{word-spacing:-7.389439px}.ws1{word-spacing:-7.365525px}.ws2{word-spacing:-7.359762px}.ws5{word-spacing:-7.335944px}.ws4{word-spacing:-.092071px}.ws6{word-spacing:0}.ws3{word-spacing:.379647px}._0{margin-left:-1.161063px}._1{width:1.200952px}.fc1{color:gray}.fc0{color:#000}.fs2{font-size:19.880347px}.fs4{font-size:24.586323px}.fs1{font-size:29.580420px}.fs0{font-size:29.67646px}.fs3{font-size:49.556807px}.y48{bottom:-376.35967px}.y6d{bottom:-365.656381px}.y4a{bottom:-364.977011px}.y49{bottom:-353.555897px}.y6c{bottom:-350.325682px}.y4c{bottom:-342.173237px}.y6b{bottom:-334.982165px}.y42{bottom:-330.764941px}.y6a{bottom:-319.664285px}.y41{bottom:-319.382282px}.y40{bottom:-307.973986px}.y69{bottom:-304.307950px}.y3f{bottom:-296.591327px}.y68{bottom:-288.990069px}.y43{bottom:-285.208668px}.y44{bottom:-273.787554px}.y67{bottom:-273.633734px}.y3b{bottom:-262.404894px}.y66{bottom:-258.867041px}.y3a{bottom:-250.996598px}.y3c{bottom:-239.613939px}.y38{bottom:-228.192825px}.y37{bottom:-216.810166px}.y39{bottom:-205.427506px}.y3d{bottom:-194.019211px}.y35{bottom:-182.636551px}.y34{bottom:-171.228255px}.y33{bottom:-159.845596px}.y32{bottom:-148.462937px}.y2e{bottom:-137.041823px}.y2f{bottom:-125.659164px}.y31{bottom:-114.250868px}.y30{bottom:-102.868208px}.y2d{bottom:-91.447094px}.y2c{bottom:-80.064435px}.y2b{bottom:-68.681776px}.y28{bottom:-57.27348px}.y2a{bottom:-45.890821px}.y29{bottom:-34.482525px}.y27{bottom:-23.099865px}.y36{bottom:-11.678751px}.y3e{bottom:-.296092px}.y0{bottom:0}.y71{bottom:2.179113px}.y4{bottom:2.461116px}.y2{bottom:2.486752px}.y7{bottom:2.49957px}.y6f{bottom:3.973676px}.y26{bottom:508.162005px}.y23{bottom:516.787457px}.y22{bottom:528.195753px}.y1f{bottom:539.578412px}.y21{bottom:550.999526px}.y20{bottom:562.382186px}.y1c{bottom:573.764845px}.y65{bottom:577.174515px}.y1e{bottom:585.173141px}.y64{bottom:592.492396px}.y1d{bottom:596.5558px}.y63{bottom:607.848731px}.y1b{bottom:607.964096px}.y24{bottom:619.346755px}.y62{bottom:623.192248px}.y19{bottom:630.767869px}.y61{bottom:638.522947px}.y18{bottom:642.150528px}.y1a{bottom:653.533188px}.y60{bottom:653.866464px}.y15{bottom:664.941484px}.y5f{bottom:669.184344px}.y17{bottom:676.324143px}.y5e{bottom:684.540680px}.y16{bottom:687.745257px}.y13{bottom:699.127916px}.y5d{bottom:699.85856px}.y14{bottom:710.536212px}.y5c{bottom:715.214895px}.y12{bottom:721.918871px}.y5b{bottom:730.532776px}.y25{bottom:733.301531px}.yf{bottom:744.709827px}.y5a{bottom:745.299469px}.yd{bottom:756.092486px}.ye{bottom:767.5136px}.y59{bottom:772.743471px}.y10{bottom:778.896259px}.y58{bottom:788.061351px}.yc{bottom:790.278919px}.yb{bottom:801.687214px}.y57{bottom:803.417686px}.y8{bottom:813.069874px}.y56{bottom:818.735567px}.ya{bottom:824.490988px}.y55{bottom:834.079084px}.y9{bottom:835.873647px}.y11{bottom:847.281943px}.y54{bottom:849.409783px}.y3{bottom:858.664602px}.y53{bottom:864.7533px}.y1{bottom:870.047262px}.y52{bottom:880.071180px}.y5{bottom:881.455557px}.y6{bottom:892.838217px}.y51{bottom:894.837873px}.y70{bottom:938.804676px}.y6e{bottom:951.353802px}.h46{height:-489.383836px}.h36{height:-458.589129px}.h35{height:-447.206469px}.h37{height:-435.793046px}.h38{height:-424.410387px}.h33{height:-413.027728px}.h2e{height:-401.614304px}.h2d{height:-390.231645px}.h2f{height:-378.818222px}.h30{height:-367.438126px}.h40{height:-356.72971px}.h32{height:-356.024703px}.h31{height:-344.636917px}.h3f{height:-341.41183px}.h34{height:-333.259385px}.h3e{height:-326.063185px}.h29{height:-321.83827px}.h3d{height:-310.742741px}.h28{height:-310.463302px}.h2a{height:-310.460738px}.h27{height:-299.047315px}.h3c{height:-295.38897px}.h26{height:-287.669783px}.h3b{height:-280.068654px}.h2b{height:-276.287124px}.h2c{height:-264.868574px}.h3a{height:-264.714754px}.h21{height:-253.483351px}.h39{height:-249.948061px}.h20{height:-242.077618px}.h22{height:-230.692395px}.h1e{height:-219.278972px}.h1d{height:-207.891186px}.h1f{height:-196.513654px}.h23{height:-185.100231px}.h1b{height:-173.715008px}.h1a{height:-162.301584px}.h19{height:-150.924052px}.h18{height:-139.510629px}.h13{height:-128.122843px}.h14{height:-116.745311px}.h16{height:-105.329324px}.h15{height:-93.949228px}.h17{height:-93.946665px}.h11{height:-82.533241px}.h12{height:-71.150582px}.h10{height:-71.145455px}.hf{height:-59.737159px}.hc{height:-48.3545px}.he{height:-36.938513px}.hd{height:-25.560981px}.hb{height:-14.178322px}.h1c{height:-2.764898px}.h24{height:8.617761px}.h44{height:9.690642px}.h9{height:11.374968px}.h8{height:11.380096px}.h4{height:11.382659px}.h7{height:11.405732px}.h2{height:11.413423px}.h45{height:18.667838px}.h42{height:18.97879px}.h25{height:22.53196px}.h6{height:22.605116px}.h5{height:23.730776px}.h3{height:23.807824px}.h41{height:24.512526px}.ha{height:30.607091px}.h43{height:39.756755px}.h1{height:893.701727px}.h0{height:1016.325291px}.w3{width:17.073989px}.w9{width:17.843087px}.w5{width:19.473577px}.wf{width:19.842744px}.w7{width:20.058091px}.wd{width:20.119619px}.w15{width:20.242675px}.w17{width:20.611842px}.w28{width:20.796426px}.w37{width:20.888718px}.w11{width:20.981010px}.w20{width:21.750108px}.w24{width:23.380597px}.w32{width:23.472889px}.w2b{width:24.026640px}.w41{width:26.026297px}.w45{width:39.131737px}.w73{width:39.62396px}.w5b{width:39.685488px}.w64{width:39.870071px}.w5d{width:40.146947px}.w61{width:40.270003px}.w74{width:42.361951px}.w58{width:43.192577px}.w5f{width:45.376817px}.w60{width:45.592165px}.w63{width:48.053280px}.w56{width:48.607031px}.w5a{width:49.776061px}.w5e{width:50.914327px}.w69{width:51.683426px}.w66{width:52.42176px}.w62{width:52.514052px}.w65{width:53.375443px}.w55{width:54.052250px}.w51{width:55.92885px}.w4a{width:56.23649px}.w46{width:58.113090px}.w5c{width:58.143854px}.w67{width:58.697605px}.w4d{width:59.159064px}.w49{width:59.620523px}.w48{width:63.927476px}.w4b{width:65.804076px}.w4f{width:66.942342px}.w6e{width:67.249981px}.w53{width:68.080608px}.w6a{width:71.126238px}.w47{width:71.772281px}.w59{width:71.803045px}.w57{width:76.663748px}.w6f{width:87.000433px}.w8{width:87.092725px}.w4c{width:89.276965px}.w44{width:90.384467px}.w70{width:93.737737px}.w6d{width:94.106905px}.w38{width:94.199196px}.w6b{width:96.875659px}.w6c{width:98.967608px}.w4e{width:99.828998px}.w14{width:101.797891px}.w71{width:103.982131px}.w43{width:107.79686px}.w40{width:110.565615px}.w52{width:115.026386px}.w72{width:115.087914px}.w50{width:120.533132px}.w22{width:133.912884px}.w2f{width:139.296575px}.w2e{width:146.039006px}.w3c{width:146.923469px}.w16{width:150.063955px}.we{width:152.217431px}.w68{width:158.498403px}.w35{width:161.356886px}.w3d{width:162.677172px}.w3a{width:167.996771px}.w3e{width:171.688444px}.w23{width:176.187671px}.w39{width:176.520947px}.wa{width:181.661089px}.w29{width:184.711847px}.w54{width:192.300286px}.w2c{width:193.723119px}.w4{width:197.222517px}.w25{width:200.952646px}.w31{width:209.040999px}.w33{width:210.24592px}.w34{width:212.245577px}.w26{width:213.104403px}.w6{width:230.204029px}.w36{width:237.984743px}.w3f{width:240.445859px}.w1a{width:254.597273px}.w1e{width:267.159217px}.wc{width:267.248945px}.w30{width:272.350632px}.w27{width:285.092032px}.w18{width:286.130315px}.w42{width:290.129628px}.w1d{width:292.69329px}.w1f{width:307.024161px}.w13{width:332.276231px}.w2{width:336.275544px}.w10{width:337.147189px}.w2d{width:340.736316px}.w12{width:358.489675px}.w2a{width:358.771678px}.w21{width:359.258774px}.w3b{width:359.912508px}.w19{width:360.861062px}.w1c{width:364.373279px}.wb{width:379.870616px}.w1b{width:383.011102px}.w75{width:484.18992px}.w0{width:784px}.w1{width:784.151193px}.x0{left:0}.x2{left:5.883604px}.x1a{left:50.93617px}.x11{left:66.656545px}.xd{left:69.302244px}.xb{left:72.070999px}.x8{left:74.839754px}.x16{left:83.190832px}.x7{left:86.530053px}.x6{left:94.067219px}.x5{left:107.910994px}.x10{left:111.38732px}.xc{left:113.694615px}.x4{left:116.001911px}.x3{left:118.309207px}.x1{left:129.289371px}.x13{left:132.105503px}.xa{left:135.839528px}.x9{left:150.644676px}.xf{left:157.374288px}.x1b{left:169.320953px}.xe{left:172.025617px}.x1d{left:390.782895px}.x12{left:492.521821px}.x17{left:545.435805px}.x19{left:566.791109px}.x18{left:592.966098px}.x14{left:611.91156px}.x15{left:718.200987px}

CHEM 130 Chapter R: Chapter R - General Chemistry: Custom Edition for University of Michigan CHM 130

United States

General Chemistry: Macroscopic Investigations and Reaction Principles

Chemistry

CHEM 130 Chapter R: Chapter R - General Chemistry: Custom Edition for University of Michigan CHM 130

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Chemistry: Structure and Properties

Basic Chemistry

Principles of Chemistry Molecular Approach

Principles of Chemistry Molecular Approach

Chemistry: Structure and Properties

Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

Chemistry: The Central Science

Related Documents

CHEM 130 Chapter R: Reading notes

CHEM 130 Chapter Notes - Chapter R: Significant Figures, Decimal Mark, Distillation

CHEM 130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Chemical Change, Atomic Mass, Electric Current