BIOL 100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 17/17a: Sexually Transmitted Infection, Corpus Luteum, Seminiferous Tubule

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7 May 2017

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17. 3 form and function of the male reproductive system. 2 ways to detect prostate cancer: a rectal exam a blood test erectile tissue of penis- spongy connective tissue the lls with blood during sexual arousal, causing erection of the penis. 18 the level of testosterone in the body remains relatively steady because its production is regulated by a negative feedback loop involving hormones from the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary gland, and the testes. Table 17. 2 hormones important in regulating male reproductive processes. Testosterone sperm productions; development and maintenance of male reproductive structures; male secondary sex characteristics; sex drive stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release. Lh stimulates interstitial cells of testis to produce testosterone enhances sperm formation inhibits fsh secretion by anterior pituitary gland, causing a decrease in sperm production and testosterone production. Luteinzing hormone (lh) anterior pituitary gland (in brain) Follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) anterior pituitary gland (in brain) 17. 4 form and function of the female reproductive system.

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Suppose the (1) ____ oocyte is on its way down an oviduct when a female and male are engaged in sexual intercourse, or (2) _____. The male sex act requires (3) _____________ and ejaculation. During coitus, pelvic thrusts stimulate the penis, the femaleâs (4) ____________, and the vaginal wall. The mechanical stimulation induces involuntary contractions in the male reproductive tract. It forces sperm from the (5) _____ and contents of seminal vesicles and the (6) ________ gland into the urethra. The substances mix and form (7) _____, which is ejaculated into the vagina. During male (8) ________, the end of the sex act, strong sensations of physical release, warmth, and relaxation dominate. Similar sensations typify female orgasm. Following sexual intercourse, (9) _____ are in the vagina. Fertilization most often takes place in the upper portion of the (10) _____. When living sperm contact an oocyte, they release (11) ______ that clear a path through the zona pellucida. Usually only one sperm fuses with the secondary oocyte; only its nucleus and centrioles do not degenerate in the oocyteâs cytoplasm. Sperm penetration induces the secondary oocyte and the first polar body to finish meiosis (12) _______. There are now three polar bodies and a mature egg, or (13) ______. As the sperm and egg nuclei fuse, their chromosomes restore the (14) ____ number for a brand new zygote. A. Orgasm H. Epididymis B. II I. Semen C. Clitoris J. Sperm D. Enzymes K. Erection E. Diploid L. Prostate F. Oviduct M. Ovum G. Secondary N. Coitus

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Question: Think about these questions, and post your thoughts on the use of cloning. Specifically, think the about the use of human cloning and discuss the potential impact on society.

Background Discussion: The scientific research terms, cloning means making exact copies of genes, a cell, or an organism. Therefore, cloning has been around for a long time. Identical twins are clones of a single zygote. When a single bacterium reproduces asexually on a petri dish, a colony of cells results, and each member of the colony is a clone of the original cell. Through biotechnology, bacteria now produce clone copies of human genes.

Through recent advances in science, it is possible to produce a clone of a mammal- and perhaps even one day, a human. The parent need not contribute sperm or egg to the process. During the so-called reproductive cloning, a nucleus (which contains the genetic material of a person) from one adult cell is placed in an enucleated egg. That egg is then allowed to develop. The developing embryo is placed in the uterus of a surrogate mother, and when birth occurs, the clone is an exact genetic copy of the original parent (of course the clone is younger). The process of cloning whole animals, and certainly humans, has not been perfected. Until it is, therapeutic cloning is more likely to become widespread.

Suppose it were possible to put the nucleus from a cell of a burn victim into an enucleated egg that is forced to become skin cells in the laboratory. These cells could be used to provide grafts of new skin that would not be rejected by the recipient. Would this be a proper use of cloning in humans?

Now, suppose parents want to produce a child free of genetic diseases. Scientists produce an embryo though in vitro fertilization, and then they clone the embryo to produce several embryos. Genetic engineering is then used to remove the genetic defect, and the defect free embryos are implanted into the uterus of a surrogate where they are allowed to grow to term. Would this be proper use of cloning in humans?

What if later scientists were able to produce children with increased intelligence or athletic abilities using the same technique? Would this be an acceptable use of cloning in humans?

BIOL 100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 17/17a: Sexually Transmitted Infection, Corpus Luteum, Seminiferous Tubule

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