PSY 3110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Peripheral Nervous System, Sympathetic Nervous System, Adrenal Medulla
19 Sep 2016
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Ch. 5 Stress Notes
*THE NERVOUS SYSTEM*
• Neurons: individual cells that function electro chemically.
• Neurotransmitters: manufactured within each neuron and stored in the vesicles at the
end of the neurons.
• Synaptic Cleft: space between neurons.
• Central Nervous System: brain and spinal cord
• Peripheral Nervous System: all other neurons, extend from spine to the rest of the body.
*Peripheral Nervous System*
There are 2 parts:
1- Somatic Nervous System: serves the skin and voluntary muscles.
2- Autonomic Nervous System: serves internal organs and is important in understanding stress.
1- Sympathetic Nervous System: mobilizes the body's resources in emergency, stressful,
and emotional situations.
2- Parasympathetic Nervous System: promotes relaxation, digestion, and normal growth
functions
Neurons in the ANS are activated by neurotransmitters, principally acetylcholine and
norepinephrine.
*The Neuroendocrine System*
• Endocrine System: consists of ductless glands distributed through the body.
• Neuroendocrine System: consists of the endocrine glands that are controlled by and
interact with the nervous system.
Glands of the endocrine system secrete hormones
• Hormones: most into the bloodstream to be carried to different parts of the body.
• Pituitary Gland: in the brain and is an excellent exmple of the intricate relationship
between the nervous and endocrine system.
o Master gland
o Connected to hypothalamus
o Adrenocorticotropic hormone: produced by pituitary gland plays an essential
role in stress response.
o Adrenal Glands: located at the top of each kidney secretes hormones and affects
metabolism.
▪ Adrenal Cortex: outer covering
▪ Adrenal Medulla: inner part
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Document Summary
1- somatic nervous system: serves the skin and voluntary muscles. 2- autonomic nervous system: serves internal organs and is important in understanding stress. 1- sympathetic nervous system: mobilizes the body"s resources in emergency, stressful, and emotional situations. 2- parasympathetic nervous system: promotes relaxation, digestion, and normal growth functions. Neurons in the ans are activated by neurotransmitters, principally acetylcholine and norepinephrine. *the neuroendocrine system: endocrine system: consists of ductless glands distributed through the body, neuroendocrine system: consists of the endocrine glands that are controlled by and interact with the nervous system. *physiology of the stress response: hypothalamic pituitary adrenal: involves cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems, allostasis: refers to the body"s maintenance of an appropriate level of activation under changing circumstances. Initial response to a stressful event: secondary appraisal: ones perceived ability to cope or control with harm threat, or challenge, reappraisal: ones nearly constant reevaluation of stressful events.
