BIOL 2200 Chapter Notes - Chapter 27: Lipopolysaccharide, Escherichia Coli, Cholera
22 Feb 2017
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27. 3 diverse nutritional and metabolic adaptations have evolved in prokaryotes. Prokaryotes can be categorized by how they get their energy: phototrophs obtain energy from light, chemotrophs obtain energy from chemicals, autotrophs obtain energy from a carbon source, heterotrophs obtain energy from organic sources. Role of oxygen in metabolism: obligate aerobes prokaryotes that require oxygen for cellular respiration, obligate anaerobes prokaryotes that are poisoned by oxygen. Live with fermentation or anaerobic respiration: facultative anaerobes use oxygen if present but can also survive off of fermentation/anaerobic respiration. Nitrogen metabolism: nitrogen fixation converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. Increases nitrogen availability for plants, who cannot use atmospheric oxygen. Send out signaling molecules to recruit other cells, causing the colony to grow. 27. 4 prokaryotes have radiated into a diverse set of lineages. Horizontal gene transfer played a key role in the evolution of prokaryotes. 27. 5 prokaryotes play crucial roles in the biosphere.
