ENVIR ST 106 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Tsunami Warning System, Quicksand, Fault Scarp
30 Oct 2014
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Stress:an object is under stress when force is being applied to it. Compressive stress: tending to squeeze or compress the object. Tensil stress: tending to pull the object apart. Elastic deformation: the amount of deformation is proportional to the stress applied, and the material returns to its original size and shape when the stress is removed. Elastic limit: when the elastic limit is reached, the material may go through a phase of plastic deformation with increased stress. During this stage relatively small added stresses yield large corresponding strains, and the changes are permanent: the material does not return to its original size and shape after the removal of the stress. There is displacement of one side relative to the other along faults. Creep (aseismic slip): movement along faults that occurs gradually and relatively slowly and smoothly. Fault rupture and elastic rebound: stress begins; fault is locked; elastic deformation begins. Fault slips; stress released; rocks return to unstressed dimensions.
