BIOL123 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Golgi Apparatus, Cell Membrane, Endomembrane System
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· Vesicles
• Vesicles bud off from the trans Golgi network and accumulate near the
plasma membrane
• Wait for extracellular signal that will stimulate them to fuse with the
plasma membrane and release contents by exocytosis
· Peroxisomes
• Peroxisomes contain enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide
• Break down molecules (e.g. toxins, alcohol, fatty acids)
• Synthesise phospholipids
• Acquire proteins via selective transport from the cytosol
· Lysosomes
• Membrane-enclosed organelle
• Breaks down worn-out proteins, organelles, waste materials and
molecules taken up by endocytosis
• C ontains digestive enzymes that are typically most active at the acid pH
found inside these organelles
· Vacuoles
• Vesicle within a cell's cytoplasm
• Enclosed by a membrane
• Contains fluid
1.9 Explain the role of the ribosome and the endomembrane system in the
production, folding, transport and export of proteins in the cell.
1.10 Describe the functions of the cytoskeleton including its role in:
· Cytoskeleton
• Composed of actin filaments/microtubules/intermediate filaments
• An intricate network of protein filaments that extends throughout the
cytoplasm
· Cell structure
• Actin filaments
• Thinnest
• Abundant in all eukaryotic cells
• Occur in large numbers inside muscle cells
• Serve as central part for muscle contraction
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Document Summary
Vesicles: vesicles bud off from the trans golgi network and accumulate near the plasma membrane, wait for extracellular signal that will stimulate them to fuse with the plasma membrane and release contents by exocytosis. Peroxisomes: peroxisomes contain enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide, break down molecules (e. g. toxins, alcohol, fatty acids, synthesise phospholipids, acquire proteins via selective transport from the cytosol. Lysosomes: membrane-enclosed organelle, breaks down worn-out proteins, organelles, waste materials and molecules taken up by endocytosis, c ontains digestive enzymes that are typically most active at the acid ph found inside these organelles. Vacuoles: vesicle within a cell"s cytoplasm, enclosed by a membrane, contains fluid. 1. 9 explain the role of the ribosome and the endomembrane system in the production, folding, transport and export of proteins in the cell. 1. 10 describe the functions of the cytoskeleton including its role in: Cytoskeleton: composed of actin filaments/microtubules/intermediate filaments, an intricate network of protein filaments that extends throughout the cytoplasm.