BIOL126 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Weight Gain, Corpus Albicans, Reabsorption

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Reproductive System

• Reproductive System functions

o Only body system not vital for survival of individual; however it is vital for

continuation of the species

o Produce offspring via producing, storing, nourishing and transporting gametes

o Reproductive organs and structures mature after onset of puberty

• Describe the structure and function of the male human reproductive system

o Specific functions

• To make male gametes/sex cells sperm and deliver them to the female

reproductive tract

• Produce secretions to assist sperm survival in female reproductive tract

o Summarise the function of the vas deferens, epididymis, bulbourethral gland,

prostate gland, seminal vesicle, scrotum, testis, ejaculatory duct, urethra

• Primary sex organs = gonads = testes

• Testes

▪ Produce gametes

▪ Produce reproductive hormones to maintain normal sexual function

▪ Structure

• Sperm forms in seminiferous tubules

• Testosterone produced in interstitial/Leydig cells which lie

between tubules

• Nurse/sertoli/sustentactular cells

• Support spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis

• Bind FSH and testosterone

• Secrete inhibin and androgen-binding protein (ADP)

• Maintain blood-testis barrier

• Ducts

▪ Vas deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra

• Receive and transport gametes

• Urethra transports both urine and semen

• Vas deferens transports sperm to urethra with secretions from

epididymis and seminiferous tubules

• Accessory glands

▪ Prostate and bulbourethral glands plus seminal vesicles

• Secrete fluids -> ducts -> urethra to form semen with sperm

• Semen = mix of sperm and fluids from epididymis, seminiferous

tubules and accessory glands

• 2-5mL semen per ejaculation = 50-150 million sperm/mL = 100-

750 million sperm

• Accessory gland secretions activate sperm, provide nutrients for

motility, propel semen with peristaltic contractions, and provide

alkaline buffers

• Epididymides and seminiferous tubules provide 5% of semen fluid

volume

• Seminal vesicles add 60% of semen fluid volume

• Seminal vesicles/gland secretions enter urethra via

ejaculatory duct

• Fluid slightly alkaline (helps neutralise acidity)

• Fluids provide

• Fructose for mitochondria in sperm

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• Prostaglandins to stimulate smooth muscle

contractions in male and female tracts

• Fibrinogen to form temporary semen clot in vagina

• Prostate gland adds 20-30% of semen fluid volume

• Prostate gland secretions contain seminalplasmin, an

antibiotic protein which may reduce UTI risk

• Also contains prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in low levels;

levels increase in prostate cancer

• Bulbourethral gland (Cowper's glands) adds remainder of semen

fluids

• Adds thick, alkaline mucus preceding remainder of semen to

• Lubricate and neutralise traces of acidic urine in male

urethra and female vagina

• Lubricate glans penis

• Perineal structures

▪ Penis and scrotum

• Form external genitalia

▪ Penis

• Delivers sperm to female reproductive tract

• Tubular organ through which both urine and semen pass through via

the urethra

• Root: attaches penis to the body wall

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• Shaft: tubular, moveable portion

• Glans: expanded distal end that surrounds the opening of the

urethra

• A prepuce/foreskin surrounds and protects the glands

unless removed by circumcision

• Majority of penis consists of three cylindrical columns of erectile

tissue

• 2 corpora cavernosa and 1 corpus spongiosum surrounding

the urethra

▪ Scrotum

• Loose-fitting pouch holding testes; hangs outside torso at base of

abdominopelvic cavity

• Keeps sperm 2-3 degrees C lower than normal body temperature for

optimal viability

• Smooth muscle (dartos)

• In superficial dermis

• Resting muscle tone elevates testes and wrinkles scrotal

surface

• Skeletal muscle (cremaster)

• Deep in dermis

• Contraction during sexual arousal or drop in temperature

pulls testes closer to body

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Related Questions

Lab 11 â Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Prelab. Define all of the following terms/structures.

Lab. Be able to ID these terms/structures on pictures/models AND generally define them along with function!

**DONâT NEED TO NOW ON MODELS

Urinary system:

Kidneys

Hilum

Renal cortex

Renal medulla

Ureters

Urinary bladder

Urethra

Adrenal gland

Reproductive system:

Gametes**

Gonads

External genitalia

Male anatomy:

Testes

Seminiferous tubules**

Epididymis

Ductus deferens (vas deferens)

Spermatic cord**

Inguinal canal**

Ejaculatory duct

Urethra

Accessory glands

Seminal glands (seminal vesicles)

Prostate gland

Bulbo-urethral gland

Female anatomy:

Ovaries

Uterine tube (Fallopian tube, oviduct)

Infundibulum

Fimbriae

Uterus

Cervix

Endometrium

Myometrium

Perimetrium

Vulva

Labia minora

Clitoris

Mons pubis

Labia majora

pinkwhale636

CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY!!! Review your Lecture note packet on the Male Reproductive Anatomy. Read the following statements - and select all statements that are FALSE (hint: there are 4 FALSE answers in this question!)

		Testes - The 2 major functions of the testes are the produce spermatozoa and produce androgen hormones (testosterone)
		Testes - The nurse cells or sustentacular cells produce testosterone
		Epididymis - The epididymis has 3 regions - a head, body and a tail.
		Ductus (vas) Deferens - The extended portion of the ductus (vas) deferens as it nears the prostate gland is called the spermatic cord.
		Ejaculatory Duct - the ejaculatory duct passes through the prostate gland.
		Male Reproductive Glands - The prostate gland produces the majority of the volume of semen fluid.
		Male Reproductive Glands - The seminal vesicle produces fluids that help nourish the sperm, stimulates smooth muscle contraction and forms a temporary clost in the female's vagina.
		Male Reproductive Glands - The bulbourethral glands secrete a thick, alkaline mucus that helps neutralize any urinary acids that may harm the spermatozoa.
		Spermatozoa - The middle piece of the spermatozoa contains mitochondria and geneteic material in it.
		Spermatozoa - The head of the spermatozoa contains an acrosomal cap that contains enzymes that help during fertilization.

Identify the organ that corresponds with each of the following functions-1) Organ that allows the male to pass urine and semen leave the from his body; organ that enters the female's body during sexual intercourse.-2) Passage way through which urine and semen leave the penis.-3) Glands that produce sperm and the male sex hormone (testosterone)-4) Muscular sac where urine is stored.-5) Pouch of skin that holds the testes and controls temperature for sperm production.-6) The head or end of the penis: filled with highly sensitive nerve endings; particularly sensitive to stimulation.-7) Passageway for the sperm- 8) Coiled tube system in which sperm mature. A) Scrotum B) Urethra C) Bladder C) Vas deferens D) penis E) Testis F) Epididymis G) Seminal vesicle H) Prostate gland I) Cowper's gland J) Glans penis

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BIOL126 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Weight Gain, Corpus Albicans, Reabsorption

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