BMSC207 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Bloating, Metronidazole, Gastroenteritis
Epidemiology and food poisoning:
Epidemiology:
Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specifi ed •
Application of this study to the control of health problems•
Distribution (frequency, pattern)○
Determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases)
○
In specified populations (individuals viewed collectively)○
Thus application of epidemiology is a discipli ne within public health to control of health ○
Study (scientific, systematic, data-driven) of the:•
A disease regularly found among particular people or in a certain area - malaria in Papua
○
Endemic:•
A
widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
○
Epidemic:•
An epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large
region
○
Pandemic:•
Cholera:
Massi ve amount of clear diarrhoea○
“Rice water stools”○
No blood, no WBC, no death of epithelial cells in intestine - but huge dehydration
○
Can be a mild infection○
Symptoms:•
All symptoms caused by enterotoxin○
Bacteria does not invade cells or intestinal wall, so must bind to specific receptors○
Toxin enters cells & causes Na+ to be actively pumped out of cells, chloride follows, then water
follows salt by osmosis
○
Pathophysiology:•
Cholera today:
Refuges’ camps, after floods, hurricanes etc. •
Epidemics still occur•
Oral Vaccine (50% effective) for health care workers…. new vaccines?•
Antibiotics usuall y not used•
Oral or IV re-hydration is essential •
Patients lose 1L water/hour - but not for long if not hydrated - shock and then death•
Chain of infection:
•
Percentage of food preparation places associated with food borne outbreaks in Australia and New
Zealand:
•
Food poisoning:
Illness from food spoilage or contamination with pathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses or •
Parasites
Contamination includes toxins produced by an _ of these organisms•
Incubation periods vary depending on the organism involved•
Very young and old have ↓ gastric pH and GIT motility
Influenced by the health of the individual ○
previous antibiotic use or use of agents which change pH of stomach
Medications taken○
Fatty foods may acts as barriers and protect organisms and/or toxins from penetration
delay penetration
Type of food○
A C. perfringens infection can be mild, Toxin has greater effect
Infection vs toxin:○
infective dose•
Epidemiology of infection:
.•
Lecture 8.1
-
19/9/16
Monday, 19 September 2016
11:01 AM
Lectures Page 1
Document Summary
Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified. Application of this study to the control of health problems. Determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) Thus application of epidemiology is a discipline within public health to control of health. A disease regularly found among particul ar people or in a certain area - malaria in papua. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particul ar time. An epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations acros s a large region. No blood, no wbc, no death of epithelial cells in intestine - but huge dehydration. Bacteria does not invade cells or intestinal wall, so must bind to specific receptors. Toxin enters cells & causes na+ to be actively pumped out of cells, chloride follows, then water follows salt by osmosis.
