NRSG138 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Prostatectomy, Night Terror, Sweat Gland
AL: Maintaining a safe environment
Keeping body in health state and correcting any disturbances internally and externally
Body systems/organs involved:
● Nervous system
● Endocrine system: hormones
● Skeleton: protects cavities
● Skin, hair, nail, lymph, sebaceous glands
● Immune system
● Inflammatory process and tissue repair
Internal environment and related systems
Homeostasis: Control process in the body to maintain a constant balanced internal
environment. This is controlled by the nervous system
● Neural control
● Hormonal control
● Immunity
● Tissue repair
● Sensory system
(somatic nervous system)
External environment
● Central Nervous System
● Skeletal muscles
● Sensory organs
AL: Communication
Activity of nerves and muscles that result in speaking, writing, hearing, seeing, touching and
gesture
Body systems/organs involved
● Neurons
● Central nervous system
● Peripheral nervous system
● Autonomic nervous system
● Vision and eye
● Hearing and the ear
● Smelling and the nose
● The sense of touch
● Speaking and the larynx
AL: Breathing
Two systems to be considered
● Respiratory system
● Cardiovascular system
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→ Ventilation of lungs with air (involving the respiratory system) → Gas exchange between air
and blood (involving the respiratory system and cardiovascular system) → Perfusion of the
lungs with the blood (involving the respiratory system and cardiovascular system)
AL: Eating and Drinking
Taking food, water and essential nutrients
Body systems/organs involved
● Movement related: to get the food or drink
● Gastrointestinal system function
○ Ingestion: holding food, chewing, mixing with saliva, forming small bolus and
passing down
■ Lips function and status
■ Swallowing (Preparatory, PreSwallowing, Swallow)
○ Digestion: when food mixes with juices to produce chyme
○ Absorption: when nutrients pass into bloodstream
AL: Eliminating
An activity undertaken by individuals few times a day to remove body waste products from
metabolism
Body systems/organs involved
● Renal system
● Intestinal system
● Neurological system
Renal system
● Produces average of 1-1.5L of urine per day
● Main functions
○ Removal of nitrogenous waste products from metabolism
○ Acid base and electrolyte balance
○ Water balance
○ Production of erythrogenic and active form of Vit D
Intestinal system
Food residue - after digestive process and absorption of nutrients - moves out of body as
faeces
Digestive system consists of;
● Mouth
● Oesophagus
● Stomach
● Intestines
Neurological system
Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system control defecation
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Document Summary
Keeping body in health state and correcting any disturbances internally and externally. Homeostasis: control process in the body to maintain a constant balanced internal environment. Activity of nerves and muscles that result in speaking, writing, hearing, seeing, touching and gesture. Ventilation of lungs with air (involving the respiratory system) gas exchange between air and blood (involving the respiratory system and cardiovascular system) perfusion of the lungs with the blood (involving the respiratory system and cardiovascular system) Movement related: to get the food or drink. Ingestion: holding food, chewing, mixing with saliva, forming small bolus and passing down. Digestion: when food mixes with juices to produce chyme. An activity undertaken by individuals few times a day to remove body waste products from metabolism. Produces average of 1-1. 5l of urine per day. Removal of nitrogenous waste products from metabolism. Production of erythrogenic and active form of vit d.
