PHIL1004 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Sophia (Wisdom), Aporia, Teaching Philosophy
3.2 HOW DO WE KNOW? WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE?
Theaetetus has 3 definitions of knowledge
- Koledge is pereptio
- Is ot fiall ought to irth util “orates has liked it to
- Koledge is true elief
- They are offered without argument by Socrates, and agreed to without argument by Theaetetus, at
145d7–145e5:
o The wise are wise sophiai (= by/ because of/ in respect of/ as a result of wisdom:145d11).
o To learn is to become wiser about the topic you are learning about (145d8–9).
o Wisdom (sophia) and knowledge (epistêmê) are the same thing (145e5).
- Epistemology – study of knowledge – to know
- Plato (427-347 BCE)
- Socrates challenged ideas.
- Socrates vs Teaetuts.
- Coeptual aalsis: hat do e ea …?
Theaetetus:
o D1 Knowledge is Perception
o D2 Knowledge is True Judgement (Belief)
o D3 Knowledge is True Judgement (Belief) plus an Account (Justification)
o Socrates: reject each aporia
o D0 examples e.g. geology, mathematics, carpentry. Socrates: this is an inadequate definition by
koledge as it is roader tha the eaples eause the defiitio eeds to eplai. Doest
say there is a broad thing. To give an example assumes you already know what the word is.
▪ Teaching philosophy analogous to midwifery → Socrates method
D1 Knowledge is Perception (151e-187a)
- What reasons are there to think this is a good idea?
1. Protagoras held an idea like this
Ma is the easure of all thigs: of thigs hih are, that the are, ad of thigs that are ot, that
the are ot
Truth is relatie to ho thigs appear to a idiidual → Socrates: this is a mistaken view of
knowledgeable.
- Things are to any human just the way they appear (seem) to be e.g. someone being cold
- We cannot be mistaken about how things appear to be. Certainty.
- SOC: Perception, then, is always
Socrates issues
- Prole 1: the idea of isdo ad teahig ould e ioheret.
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Document Summary
Is (cid:374)ot fi(cid:374)all(cid:455) (cid:858)(cid:271)ought to (cid:271)irth(cid:859) u(cid:374)til o(cid:272)rates has li(cid:374)ked it to (cid:862)k(cid:374)o(cid:449)ledge is true (cid:271)elief(cid:863) They are offered without argument by socrates, and agreed to without argument by theaetetus, at. Epistemology study of knowledge to know. Theaetetus: d1 knowledge is perception, d2 knowledge is true judgement (belief, d3 knowledge is true judgement (belief) plus an account (justification, socrates: reject each aporia, d0 examples e. g. geology, mathematics, carpentry. Socrates: this is an inadequate definition by k(cid:374)o(cid:449)ledge as it is (cid:271)roader tha(cid:374) the e(cid:454)a(cid:373)ples (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause the defi(cid:374)itio(cid:374) (cid:374)eeds to e(cid:454)plai(cid:374). To give an example assumes you already know what the word is: teaching philosophy analogous to midwifery socrates method. Things are to any human just the way they appear (seem) to be e. g. someone being cold. We cannot be mistaken about how things appear to be. Pro(cid:271)le(cid:373) 1: the idea of (cid:858)(cid:449)isdo(cid:373)(cid:859) a(cid:374)d (cid:858)tea(cid:272)hi(cid:374)g(cid:859) (cid:449)ould (cid:271)e i(cid:374)(cid:272)ohere(cid:374)t. Now: many people believe that there are false beliefs.
