HUMB1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Homeostasis, Organism, Serous Membrane
12 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
The Human Body
Levels of Anatomy
1) Gross Anatomy (Macroscopic): structure examines without the aid of a microscope
a. Systemic: body is studied system by system
b. Regional: body is studied area by area
2) Surface: study of the external form of the body and its relation to deeper structures
3) Microscopic: structure exams with the aid of a microscope
4) Developmental: structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span
What is Physiology?
❖ Study of the function of living things
Levels of physiology
❖ Molecular
❖ Cellular
❖ Systemic
❖ Neurophysiology
❖ Renal
❖ Cardiovascular
Characteristics of and Organism
1. Organisation: relationships among the parts of an organism and how those parts interact to
perform specific functions
2. Metabolism: chemical reactions taking place in an organism
3. Resposieess: orgais’s aility to sese hages i its
environment and adjust to those changes
4. Growth: increase in the size or the number of cells
5. Development: changes an organism undergoes through time
6. Reproduction: formation of new cells or new organism
Homeostasis
❖ The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant
environment within the body
❖ Includes body temperature, blood pressure, pH, glucose, carbon dioxide, oxygen
❖ Homeostatic mechanisms maintain the body near an ideal normal point called the set point
❖ Homeostasis is still maintained when small fluctuations occur above or below the set point =
normal range
❖ The failure of homeostasis can result in disease or even death
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Organisation of the Human Body
❖ Atomic Level → Molecular Level
o Atoms (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen) interact to
form molecules (DNA, RNA, Water)
❖ Molecular → Cellular
o Molecules (DNA, RNA) combine to form
organelles (mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum) of a cell
❖ Cellular Level → Tissue Level
o Numerous cells (smooth muscles) join
together to from a tissue (smooth muscle
tissue)
❖ Tissue Level → Organ Level
o Tissues (can be more than one type) form
organs (bladder)
❖ Organ Level → System Level
o One or more organs (kidneys, ureter, bladder)
make up a system (urinary system)
❖ System Level → Organism Level
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Study of the function of living things. The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body. Includes body temperature, blood pressure, ph, glucose, carbon dioxide, oxygen. Homeostatic mechanisms maintain the body near an ideal normal point called the set point. Homeostasis is still maintained when small fluctuations occur above or below the set point = normal range. The failure of homeostasis can result in disease or even death. Atomic level molecular level: atoms (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) interact to form molecules (dna, rna, water) Molecular cellular: molecules (dna, rna) combine to form organelles (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum) of a cell. Cellular level tissue level: numerous cells (smooth muscles) join together to from a tissue (smooth muscle tissue) Tissue level organ level: tissues (can be more than one type) form organs (bladder) Organ level system level: one or more organs (kidneys, ureter, bladder) make up a system (urinary system) Superior: towards the head: also known as cephalic or cranial.
