BIOL3711 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Poaceae, Proteaceae, Hakea
26 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Fruits and Seed Dispersal
Fruits
Aggregate fruit
oFrom separate capsules of 1 flower
oStrawberries
Multiple fruit
oFrom gynoecia of >1 flower
oPineapple
Simple fruits
oFrom 1 or several united carpels
oTomato
Fleshy
oE.g. berries, drupes
Dry
oDehiscent
Seeds are contained in seed pod
oIndehiscent
No seedpod that opens
Some examples
oFollicle from 1 carpel, splits along 1 side
oLegume from 1 carpel, splits along both sides
oCapsule from 2 or more carpels, dehiscent
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Dispersal
Wind
oE.g. wings, plumes
Water
Biotic dispersal:
oVertebrate dispersal agents
oAnt dispersal
Animal
oPassive external transport
Hooks, spines, sticky coating
oAnts
Elaiosomes (fleshy structures that are attached to the seeds of
many plant specie)
Appendages on seeds attractive to ants
oFruit-eating birds and mammals
Fleshy pulp
Arils (fleshy appendage)
Fruits, Seeds and Dispersal
Dispersal
oScape from vicinity to parent plant
oSuitable sites for establishment
Seed dormancy, germination and establishment
Dispersal agent
Seed predator
oKills or eats seeds
Australian Flora
Flowering plant species – ca. 80% or more endemic
16 endemic families of flowering plants
o>18,000 vascular plant species
Importance of eucalyptus and acacia
Sclerophyllous Plants
Scrub and woodland
oLeaves are small, thick and leathery
Rigid leaves
Found in:
oProteaceae
Southern hemisphere flowering plants
oMyrtaceae
Dicotyledonous plants (aka. Dicots – angiosperms)
Allspice, cloves, eucalyptus
oMimosaceae
Tropical herbs, trees, shrubs
oFabaceae
Legumes
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Aggregate fruit: from separate capsules of 1 flower, strawberries. Multiple fruit: from gynoecia of >1 flower, pineapple. Simple fruits: from 1 or several united carpels, tomato. Seeds are contained in seed pod: indehiscent. Some examples: follicle (cid:0) from 1 carpel, splits along 1 side, legume (cid:0) from 1 carpel, splits along both sides, capsule (cid:0) from 2 or more carpels, dehiscent. Biotic dispersal: vertebrate dispersal agents, ant dispersal. Elaiosomes (fleshy structures that are attached to the seeds of many plant specie) Appendages on seeds (cid:0) attractive to ants: fruit-eating birds and mammals. Dispersal: scape from vicinity to parent plant, suitable sites for establishment. Seed predator: kills or eats seeds. 16 endemic families of flowering plants: >18,000 vascular plant species. Scrub and woodland: leaves are small, thick and leathery. Fire resistant plants: thick bark, ligonotubers. Rounded woody growth at or below surface. Contain mass of buds and food reserves. Serotiny: seeds in persistent fruits/cones in canopy, occurs in:
