ANTH150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: List Of Domesticated Animals, Nuclear Family, Barter
10 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
ANTH150 Lecture
IV: Economic Systems, Kinship, Marriage, and the Family
Contemporary Foraging
• Require large areas of lang
• Land has been ‘claimed’ by others
Pastoralism
• Relying on domesticated animal herds and their products
• Trading with others is important
• Impossible to live on animals alone
• Families are the basic unit of production: a clear division of labor
Horticulture
• Based on cultivating domesticated plants in gardens using hand tools
• A minimally invasive form of agriculture
Agriculture
• Mode of production that involves growing crops on permanent plots with the use of plowing,
irrigation, fertilizer
• It is intensive
• The transition to agriculture brought about major social changes
• Complex division of labour (lots of jobs)
• Disparities developed and social classes arose (some people were to accumulate great wealth)
Industrialism/informatics
• Goods are produced through mass employment in business and commercial operations with
the rapid movement of information
Modes of Consumption
• Consumption: the use of economic goods in the satisfaction of wants/needs or in the process
of production
• BIG QUESTION: What decides what people consume? (Culturally defined)
• Exchange in the transfer of something that may be material or immaterial between at least
two persons, groups, or institutions
• How things move through a society occur through culturally defined routes
The Gift (Mass 1925)
• A different way of thinking about gifts
• In a simple society, much of the economy goes through a non-market exchange (gifts)
• Exchange is a basic form of human organisation
Assumptions we have about gifts
• In Western culture we are concerned about the value and the material
• We often think of gifts as ‘voluntary’ - but do they have obligations?
• Altruism?
We define relationships through exchange
• The talk around the exchange indicates type of social relationship
• Those that do not reciprocate are noticed
• Gift giving can be antagonistic or used to control others
• The rules around gift giving can be complicated
• Gift exchanges strengthen social relationships
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Document Summary
Iv: economic systems, kinship, marriage, and the family. Contemporary foraging: require large areas of lang, land has been claimed" by others. Pastoralism: relying on domesticated animal herds and their products, trading with others is important, families are the basic unit of production: a clear division of labor. Horticulture: based on cultivating domesticated plants in gardens using hand tools, a minimally invasive form of agriculture. Agriculture: mode of production that involves growing crops on permanent plots with the use of plowing, irrigation, fertilizer. It is intensive: the transition to agriculture brought about major social changes, complex division of labour (lots of jobs, disparities developed and social classes arose (some people were to accumulate great wealth) Industrialism/informatics: goods are produced through mass employment in business and commercial operations with the rapid movement of information. The gift (mass 1925: a different way of thinking about gifts, exchange is a basic form of human organisation.
