BIOL10003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Brain Size
12 Nov 2018
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Weaker jaw muscles (myh16 for muscle protein mutated); allows the growth of a larger, thinner skull. More energy to the brain (3 gene changes) wider arteries, more glucose shunted from blood to brain brain growth (apsm, har1 control neurons in the developing brain) Medium sized canines, small diastema, partially rounded palate. No diastema, more rounded arch, but still a long jaw compared to modern humans. Skulls suggest brain region for speech, so maybe language, perhaps cooperative hunting & culture. 2nd duplication of srgap2 gene more growth of neurons, connections, brain functions. Like modern humans but heavier - tall, built for running. Flat top, prominent brow ridges, jaw protrudes. 1m tall low resources on islands select small sizes. 1400 -1500 ml brain bigger than us. Distinctive skull shape: modest brow ridge, mid-face projection, deeper orbit, no jutting chin. Larger eyes, brain focus on vision & movement. High domed skull, flat face, small/no brow ridges.
