BIOM30001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Inner Cell Mass, Cloning, Green Fluorescent Protein

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plumdeer622

3 Nov 2018

School

University of Melbourne

Department

Biomedicine

Course

BIOM30001

Professor

All

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Document Summary

Pluripotent stem cells: cells that can turn into any tissue of the body. Embryonic stem cells: from inner cell mass of 5 cell embryo. Induced pluripotent stem cells: mature cell converted to embryonic stem cell with a cocktail of transcription factors. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (or therapeutic cloning): derived in a process like cloning. Mature egg is taken-->genetic material removed and replaced with other genetic material from adult cell-->cell develops -->isolate stem cells. Human scnt: multiple refinements to the procedure enabled es generation from a small number of oocytes. Cloning: powerful tool to study cellular reprogramming (resetting a cell"s development from mature to embryonic state) Cloned lines capable of differentiation into a wide range of somatic and extraembryonic tissues in vivo and in vitro at high frequency and under a range of conditions. Capable (in mice) of colonising all tissues, giving rise to all body tissues including germ line (sperm/egg) after injecting them into a blastocyst - gives chimeric offspring.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

How is a bone marrow transplant able to treat someone with leukemia?

		The donor blood contains antibodies that destroy cancer cells
		Donor blood contains stem cells that regenerate cells in the immune system
		Bone marrow contains induced pluripotent stem cells that turn into red blood cells
		Bone marrow contains tumor supressor genes that slow down leukemia growth
		Bone marrow contains pluripotent human embryonic stem cells

1.2 points

QUESTION 2

What would happen if siRNAs designed to target mRNA from an oncogene were introduced into cancer cells?

		Increased genomic instability would result from adding foreign nucleic acids
		New mutations would arise in the oncogene
		The oncogene would be converted back into a proto-oncogene
		The siRNAs would compete with the oncogene's active site
		Production of the oncogene protein would decrease

1.2 points

QUESTION 3

What is the purpose of chromatin-remodeling enzymes in human cells?

		The enzymes control the rate of translation of an mRNA transcript
		The enzymes add phosphate or methyl groups to histone tails
		The enzymes slide nucleosomes farther apart or closer to each other
		The enzymes send damaged proteins to the proteasome for degradation
		The enzymes cause DNA looping to occur

1.2 points

QUESTION 4

If you wanted to resurrect the mammoth, how would you do it?

		Use somatic cell nuclear transfer to insert the mammoth genome into the egg of an elephant
		Use transcription factors to re-program adult cells from elephants into mammoth cells
		Change the gene expression patterns of elephants to increase production of mammoth genes
		Use siRNAs to decrease expression of elephant-specific genes in an elephant embryo

1.2 points

QUESTION 5

How is eukaryotic transcription initiated?

		RNA polymerase is recruited to the start codon by transcription factors
		RNA polymerase begins transcription at the enhancer sequence
		RNA polymerase is activated by binding to GTP
		An initiator tRNA binds to the ribosome
		A complex of proteins forms at the promoter of a gene

BIOM30001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Inner Cell Mass, Cloning, Green Fluorescent Protein

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