PSYC20006 Lecture 13: Lecture 13 - Intro to Neurogenetics
12 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Lecture 12 - Thursday 6 April 2017
PSYC20006 - BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
LECTURE 13
INTRODUCTION TO NEUROGENETICS
GENETIC MATERIAL IS TINY
•Nucleotides are
building blocks of
code. Protein is
basically
everything;
everything is made
of proteins.
•However, genetic
material is also
huge; there is an
incredible amount
of info in genetic
material. There are
3 billion base pairs
in every cell, about
25,000 genes to
encode proteins.
•If you stretched
out a single cell of
DNA it would be
2m. If you stretch
all of the DNA in
an individual’s
body it would
stretch all the way
around the solar
system and back
again. It’s fucking
huge is the point.
GENETIC VARIANTS
•The way the amino acids are put together in sync determines the
way the protein folds.
•For example the amino acid part of Alanine is hard coded in
DNA.
•We only need to consider one strand at a time because the other
one is just complementary.
•Small changes can fundamentally change the way this
neurotransmitter works.
•A SNP is a single nucleotide polymorphism.
•
SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE VARIANTS
•
Lecture 12 - Thursday 6 April 2017
PSYC20006 - BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
INSERTION DELETIONS
•Some of will have some genetic code somewhere and
some of us won’t have it at all.
BLOCK SUBSTITUTIONS
INVERSION VARIANTS
•
COPY NUMBER
MUTATIONS
•Mutation
•Rare (< 1% of alleles)
•Polymorphism
•Common (≥ 1% of alleles)
HOW DO WE STOP FEMALES HAVING TWICE
THE AMOUNT OF GENETIC INFO?
•X inactivation. Genes TSIX and XIST do this.
•In tortoise shell cats the orange colour is on the X
chromosome so it can only be females that are
tortoiseshell as we need 2 X chromosomes.
Document Summary
Genetic material is tiny: nucleotides are building blocks of code. Protein is basically everything; everything is made of proteins: however, genetic material is also huge; there is an incredible amount of info in genetic material. 3 billion base pairs in every cell, about. 25,000 genes to encode proteins: if you stretched out a single cell of. If you stretch all of the dna in an individual"s body it would stretch all the way around the solar system and back again. Genetic variants: the way the amino acids are put together in sync determines the, for example the amino acid part of alanine is hard coded in way the protein folds. Dna: we only need to consider one strand at a time because the other one is just complementary, small changes can fundamentally change the way this neurotransmitter works, a snp is a single nucleotide polymorphism.
