BIO1022 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Competitive Inhibition, Speed Bump, Activation Energy
30 May 2018
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BIO1022 – Lecture 9
- life requires organisation of physical and chemical processes
- homeostasis
• stable state - returning to a stable state - through particular mechanisms
- coordination is achieved through metabolic regulation
- metabolism
• total sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
• large amont of energy lost
• chemical energy ingested - faecal loss
• chemical energy absorbed - loss in urine, hair, skin
• metabolisable energy
•
o production - of new tissue, fat storage, reproduction
o basal or standard metabolism
o digestion and synthesis costs
o activity costs - locomotion, communication
• how is this controlled
•
o metabolic pathways
o
▪ - controlled by enzymes and substrates
▪
▪ speed up otherwise stable or slow reactions
▪ enzymes lower activation energy - lower amount of
energy required to
▪ putting more energy into the system - so reactants
are better able to jump over the speed bump
▪ vital to transformation of energy
▪ proteins with specific 3D structure
▪ substrate binds to active site - specificity
▪
▪ induced fit - protein is not a rigid structure
▪ forms enzyme substrate complex
▪ substrate specificity means that the rate of chemical
reactions can be tightly controlled by specific
enzymes
▪ enzymes are organised into sequences - sequential
reactions
▪
▪ not the same pathway run in reverse
▪ results in complex systems
▪ enzyme regulation
▪
▪ metabolic regulation can occur by
▪
▪ changing the number of enzymes - gene
expression
▪ changing the activity of enzymes -
competitive
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