BIO1022 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Macrophage, Schwann Cell, Neural Tube
BIO1022 – Lecture 6 – Week 3 – Systems and Senses
- chemical synapse - crucial processing point
• integration og excitatory and inhibitory information
• affected by toxins and disease
• modifiable
•
o structurally
o chemically
- neurotransmitters
• different effects on different cell types
•
o excitatory/inhibitory
o depends on receptors in terms of change
• acetylcholine - main excitatory
•
o excitatory to skeletal muscle
o inhibitory to vertebrate heart
o botox - blocks ACh release
o
▪ leads to paralysed muscles
o nicotine - binds to ACh receptor
o
▪ excitatory
o broken down rapidly after use
• amino acids
•
o GABA
o
▪ most inhibitory synapses
o glutamate
o
▪ always excitatory
▪ most common neurotransmitter in brain
▪ in proteinaceous food or additive
• biogenic amines
•
o noradrenaline
o
▪ excitatory to vertebrate heart
▪ excitatory in autonomic NS
▪
▪ fight or flight response
▪ also functions as hormone
o dopamine and serotonin
o
▪ affect mood, sleep and learning
▪ a lack of dopamine - associated with parkinson’s
▪ LSD - bind to dopamine and serotonin receptors
o addictive drugs
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o
▪ affect neurotransmission
▪ affect reward system
▪
▪ affect different elements of the reward pathway
▪ affect dopamine secretion
• neurotoxins
•
o redback spider venom
o
▪ makes membrane more permeable for Ca2+ - increase in
neurotransmitters
▪ paralysis
▪
▪ depletion of neurotransmitters
- nervous systems -
• information processing
•
o glia cells
o
▪ support cells
o oligodendrocytes - CNS
o
▪ form myelin sheaths around axons
▪ myelin
o schwann cells - PNS
o astrocytes
o
▪ blood brain barrier
o microglial cells
o
▪ immune response - macrophages
o ependymal cells
o
▪ building barriers between components of nervous system
- sensory systems
• sensory stimuli are forms of energy
•
o mechanical - mechmnreceptors
o
▪ touch - skin, whiskers
▪ stretch -muscles
▪ hearing
▪ balance
o chemical - chemoreceptors
o
▪ olfaction - smell
▪ gustation - taste
o thermal - thermoreceptors
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com