PHA3801 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cell Nucleus, Gluconeogenesis, Vasoconstriction
24 Jul 2018
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Document Summary
Cs"s = steroid hormones secreted by cortex of adrenal gland. Mineralocorticoids: regulate water + electrolyte balance, e. g. aldosterone. Glucocorticoids: regulate cho + protein metabolism, e. g. cortisol. Some gc"s (e. g. cortisol + several synthetic derivative drugs) also exert some mc effect. Physiological: endogenous cortisol promotes metabolic changes that allow adaptation to physiological stress e. g. fasting, infections, cold/heat etc. Pharmacological: synthetic gc"s suppress inflammation, allergy and immune responses and are used in a wide range of disease states. Corticotrophin-releasing h: crh from ht stimulates release of acth from ap. Corticotrophin stimulates cortisol production by adrenal cortex, cortisol exerts physiological effects on many tissues, and also inhibits acth + crh release via negative feedback loops. Stress (physical, emotional, chemical) hpa axis cortisol (via blood to tissues) binding to cytosolic gc receptor (translocation to cell nucleus) transcription of gc responsive genes (protein translation) synthesis of new proteins w wide-ranging effects. Synthesis: gc"s are not stored preformed, but synthesised and released as needed.
