7121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Sibling Rivalry, Corporal Punishment, Cognitive Development
21 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
Parental influence and childrearing styles
- Baumring; 2 dimensions of parenting style
oWarmth: affectional, supportive, responsiveness to child
oControl; limit setting
- Authoritative parents: high warmth/high control
oSet firm, clear and consistent limits
oParental warmth
oProactive teaching
oKids tend to be
Socially competent
Socially responsible
High noral values
High self esteem
- Authoritarian parents: low warmth/high control
oStrict, controlling and punitive
oSexpect unquestioning obedience
oDo not tolerate disagreement
oKids tend to be
Lower sel esteem
Weakly internalized moral values
- Permissive/indulgent: high warmth/low control
oInconsistent feedback
oLow expectations
oKids are
Impulsive
Less popular
- Indifferent/uninvolved: low warmth/low control
oNo limits or boundaries
oEmotionally detached
oKids are
More immature
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Act out
Antisocial
Dependent
Discipline
- Is punishment effective?
oCan lead to increased aggression because of modelling
- Induction (reasoning)
oSelf versus other oriented
oTelling why not good
oSelf: dit do that because you could get hurt
oOther oriented: don’t because dog could get hurt
- Power assertion
oPhysical punishment or time out
- Love withdrawel
oShowing emotional without explanation
Sibling influences on development
- Sibling rivalry
oAdaption to arrival of new sibling
oDifferential parenting – treating children differently
Diff rules
Favoured – can feel guilty
Others resent the favoured and/or parents
oCould feel hostile towards new child
oNeed to know where you fit into the new family
- Sibling tutoring effect: cognitive gains made by older siblings resulting from opportunity to teach
skills to younger siblings
oOlder siblings learn nurturance and empathy from caring for younger siblings
- Conversations btw siblings boosts social undertsnading – more than for the same amount of
conversations with parents
- Children with atleast one sibling development theory of mind earlier
- No social cognitive benefits if there is a large sibling age difference
The only child
- Develop theory of mind around preschool or early primary school
- Rates of cognitive development not different to those with siblings
- Only children ofen score higher on social and mental helth, and iq than those with siblings
Personality and the self concept
- Eriksons stage 4: industry vs inferiority
- Focused on academic, social, creative goals etc
- Focus on mastery
- Development of self esteem
oCompare themselves against other children
Peer ifluences on development
- Children increasingly engage in comparative relations with other kids
- Self concept is affected by relative superiority or inferiority
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Baumring; 2 dimensions of parenting style: warmth: affectional, supportive, responsiveness to child, control; limit setting. Authoritative parents: high warmth/high control: set firm, clear and consistent limits, parental warmth, proactive teaching, kids tend to be. Authoritarian parents: low warmth/high control: strict, controlling and punitive, sexpect unquestioning obedience, do not tolerate disagreement, kids tend to be. Permissive/indulgent: high warmth/low control: inconsistent feedback, low expectations, kids are. Indifferent/uninvolved: low warmth/low control: no limits or boundaries, emotionally detached, kids are. Is punishment effective: can lead to increased aggression because of modelling. Induction (reasoning: self versus other oriented, telling why not good, self: dit do that because you could get hurt, other oriented: don"t because dog could get hurt. Power assertion: physical punishment or time out. Sibling rivalry: adaption to arrival of new sibling, differential parenting treating children differently. Others resent the favoured and/or parents: could feel hostile towards new child, need to know where you fit into the new family.
