HUBS1403 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Chemical Element, Atomic Number, Organic Compound

1. (TCO 1) Control subjects in a double-blindtest of a new drug are (Points : 4) informed of what drug they aregetting.
informed of what drug they aregetting but their private physicians are not.
given larger doses of thedrug.
infected with a differentdisease than the experimental subjects.
not given the experimentaldrug but are otherwise treated the same as the experimentalsubjects.

1- How is microbiology defined? What types of organisms are considered microorganisms? What terms do we use to describe people who study the different types of microorganisms?

2- What are some positive interactions as well as negative interactions we have with microorganisms? Remember, we have ca. 10X more microbial cells on or in our bodies than we do cells of our bodies.

3- How is matter defined? What are the 3 states of matter?

4- What is an atom? What particles make up on atom? Where are these particles found within the atom?

5- What elements are most abundant in living cells (human cells)?

6- What are isotopes? How are radioactive isotopes used in research applications?

7- Remember that molecules (combinations of 2 or more atoms) are held together with chemical bonds.

8- How does a covalent bond differ from an ionic bond? What distinguishes a polar molecule from a non-polar molecule?

9- The pH scale ranges from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic); 7 is neutral.

10 How does an organic chemical differ from an inorganic chemical.

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Life Chemistry LabReport

1. Elements of Living Organisms
2. Name the five most abundant elements found in the humanbody.

2. Cells organize into tissues which work together to form

3. What is the difference between an atom and an element?

2. Molecules

1. Is glucose an atom or molecule? What are the atoms inglucose?

2. How many bonds can oxygen form?

3. Is C₆H₁₂O₆ a molecular orstructural formula? What is the name of this molecule?

4. Based on lab, Section II, draw and label a ball and stickrepresentation of a carbon dioxide, water and ethyl alcoholmolecule. Use circles to designate atoms and lines for bonds, thenindicate the chemical symbol for each atom. Sign, date and preparean image of your drawing and include it with this lab report.

3. Molecular Make Up of Living Organisms

1. Name the four groups of organic molecules.

2. _______ are the most abundant organic molecules in livingorganisms.

3. Name a polysaccharide, monosaccharide, protein and alipid.

4. Go to the lab, Section 3, Exercises 2, 3, 4 and 5 to completethe following table:

5. Go to the lab, Section 3, Exercise 6 to locate starch in potatocells. Describe the microscopic appearance of starch in terms ofcolor and location within the cells.

4. Measurement of pH

1. What substance has an equal number of hydrogen ions(H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH^-)?

2. What is the pH of the above substance?

3. How does the addition of hydroxide ions (OH^-) affectthe pH of your stomach?

4. Go to lab, Section 4, Exercise 7 to test the pH of commonsolutions. Which solution tested had a pH closest to neutral? Whichsolution was most acidic?

Summary Questions

1. What is the smallest subunit of carbohydrates?

2. Which reagent could be used to test for diabetes?

3. A member of your family has a high blood cholesterol count. Yousee “fat free” crackers in the grocery store and decide to test theproduct for the presence of lipids. How would this testproceed?

4. A family member has been cautioned about eating foods high insugar. Explain how a test could be run for the presence ofsugar.

5. Explain how to test for the presence of protein in milk.

6. A friend complains of stomach acidity. Which substance testedmight safely help relieve your friend’s symptoms?

7. Explain how solutions are classified as acids or bases. Then,give an example of a weak acid.