301126 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Osteoclast, Rib Cage, Chondroblast
Document Summary
Bone classification: long bone (e. g. humerus) bone is longer than it is wide. Bones of the upper and lower limbs (except girdles, wrists and ankles): short bone (e. g. trapezium aka carpal bone found in hand) bone is about as long as it is wide. Carpals (wrists) and tarsals (ankle): flat bone (e. g. sternum) bone is broad, flat and thin. Irregular bone (e. g. vertebra) bones shape does not fit into other classes. Vertebrae, facial bones: sesamold bone (e. g. patella) round, flat bone found within tendon. Develop within a tendon to increase mechanical advantage of tendon. Long bone structure: long bones are the most common shape of bone in the body, 2 ends (epiphyses) proximal and distal. Usually covered with a cap of articular/hyaline cartilage: shaft (diaphysis) weight bearing, bone marrow filled cavity & nutrient foramen, epiphyseal line growth plate. Bone coverings: periosteum around the bone, external & provides strong attachment for tendons, endosteum within the bone, maintains bone homeostasis.
