ANHB1102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Nasal Septum, Hypoventilation, Bronchus

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rosetoad239

24 May 2018

School

UWA

Department

Anatomy and Human Biology/Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology

Course

ANHB1102

Professor

All

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Respiratory System:

Respiration: the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood and the cells

Includes

- Movement of air from outside body into lungs (inspiration/expiration)

- Exchange of gases from lungs to blood (external respiration)

- Exchange of gases from blood to cells (internal respiration)

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Functions:

Move air into and from body (for O2 and CO2 exchange):

Non respiratory functions

- Provide nonspecific defense

against pathogens

- Homeostasis of body fluids

(especially pH)

- Vocal communication

- Olfaction

Development:

4 weeks:

- buds off foregut endoderm into pleural cavity

- buds continue to grow and branch

5 weeks:

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8 weeks:

- mesoderm forms cartilages,

muscle, connective tissue

supports.

24 weeks:

- alveoli developed sufficiently for

survival

24-28 weeks:

- surfactant production begins

Surfactant production increased in final 2 months

Birth:

- first gasp takes a lot of effort – lungs never empty

again

Respiratory mucosa:

Mucous membrane = respiratory epithelium +

underlying connective tissue

- respiratory epithelium = pseudostratified

ciliated columnar with goblet cells

- connective tissue with mucous and serous

glands and blood sinusoids.

Mucosa lines entire tract down to respiratory

bronchioles.

Smoking paralyses the cilia on lining

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Document Summary

Respiration: the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood and the cells. Movement of air from outside body into lungs (inspiration/expiration) Exchange of gases from lungs to blood (external respiration) Exchange of gases from blood to cells (internal respiration) Move air into and from body (for o2 and co2 exchange): Buds off foregut endoderm into pleural cavity. Mesoderm forms cartilages, muscle, connective tissue supports. Birth: first gasp takes a lot of effort lungs never empty again. Mucous membrane = respiratory epithelium + underlying connective tissue respiratory epithelium = pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells connective tissue with mucous and serous glands and blood sinusoids. Mucosa lines entire tract down to respiratory bronchioles. Divided to 2 halves nasal fossae by nasal septum. Lined with simple squamous epithelium and has hairs. Conchae have passage under them called meatus, so air touches the mucous membrane on way through, to pick up dust etc. Allow to warm, cleanse and humidify air.

Related Questions

Snorkeling by humans and elephants. When a person snorkels, the lungs are connected directly to the atmosphere through the snorkel tube and thus are at atmospheric pressure. In atmospheres, what is the difference ?p between this internal air pressure and the water pressure against the body if the length of the snorkel tube is (a) 27 cm (standard situation) and (b)3.6 m (probably lethal situation)? In the latter, the pressure difference causes blood vessels on the walls of the lungs to rupture, releasing blood into the lungs.

Lungs are relatively small yet they very efficiently transfer O2 between the air and blood even though the Reynolds number for air flow in the lungs is very small, suggesting flow is laminar. How has the human body evolved to efficiently get O2 into blood?

salmongerbil352

1. The anatomic position refers to the position in which a person is standing upright facing the observer, feet parallel and flat on the floor, and palms facing forward.

True

False

2. The study of how gases are transferred between the lungs and blood, and between the blood and body tissues, best describes the focus of

cardiovascular physiology.

respiratory physiology.

nervous system anatomy.

reproductive anatomy.

3. Which level of organization in the human body involves two or more tissue types working together to perform specific, complex functions?

Tissue level

Cellular level

Organismal level

Organ level

4. A patient complaining of pain on his left side just deep to the ribs would be referring to which abdominopelvic quadrant?

Left upper

Right upper

Right lower

Left lower

5. Homeostasis is BEST described as

a process in which the external environment has no influence on the internal environment.

the changes in the internal environment which have no influence on health.

the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite a changing external environment.

the prevention of changes internally despite external changes.

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ANHB1102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Nasal Septum, Hypoventilation, Bronchus

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