LING2002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Distinctive Feature, Postalveolar Consonant, Laminal Consonant
Monday, 1 May 2017
LECTURE 17
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES
-Distinctive features
•Distinctive feature theory proposes a constrained set of 20+ universal phonetic features to formally
express the phonetic properties that underlie the significant phonological phenomena across all
languages
-Phonologically relevant
•The shared properties within the more significant natural classes that occur in languages
•The set of contrasts in any language
-[coronal]
•Involving tip or blade of tongue
-= Apical and laminal articulations
-[θ] [n] [s] [ʈ] [ʃ] etc
•Subdivision of [+coronal] sounds:
-[± distributed]
•[+distributed] - broader area of constriction
-~ Laminals: [θ] [ʃ]
•Use blade of tongue - large area
•[-distributed] - smaller area of constriction
-~ Apicals: [t] [n] [ʈ]
•Use tip of tongue - small area
-[± anterior]
•[+anterior] - alveolar ridge and forward:
-Alveolar
-Dental
•[-anterior] - behind alveolar ridge
-Post-alveolar
-Retroflex
•Subcategories of [coronal] place
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Monday, 1 May 2017
-Economy of analysis: 4 categories of traditional classification are analysed as just 2 phonetic
properties
-[dorsal]
•Involving body of tongue as articulator
-Palatals, velars, uvulars; all vowels
•[+dorsal] sounds are sub-classified by:
-[± high]
•[+ high] - high vowels and glides, palatals, velars, palatalised and
velarised consonants
•[- high] - all other dorsal sounds
-[± low]
•[+low] - low vowels and possibly pharyngeals
-[± back]
•[+ back] - back and central vowels and glides, velars, uvulars, velarised and uvularised sounds
•[-back] - all other dorsals
-Major class features
•The major classes of traditional description are vowel and consonant
•In DFs, the major classes are reworked in terms of four features
-Which can informally be thought of as the constriction features
•[± syllabic]
•[± sonorant]
•[± consonantal]
•[± continuant]
-These divide the range of segments in quite different ways to traditional articulatory accounts
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Document Summary
Distinctive features: distinctive feature theory proposes a constrained set of 20+ universal phonetic features to formally express the phonetic properties that underlie the signi cant phonological phenomena across all languages. Phonologically relevant: the shared properties within the more signi cant natural classes that occur in languages, the set of contrasts in any language. [coronal: involving tip or blade of tongue. [ ] [n] [s] [ ] [ ] etc: subdivision of [+coronal] sounds: [ distributed: [+distributed] - broader area of constriction. ~ laminals: [ ] [ : use blade of tongue - large area, [-distributed] - smaller area of constriction. ~ apicals: [t] [n] [ : use tip of tongue - small area. [ anterior: [+anterior] - alveolar ridge and forward: Dental: [-anterior] - behind alveolar ridge. Economy of analysis: 4 categories of traditional classi cation are analysed as just 2 phonetic properties. [dorsal: involving body of tongue as articulator.
