PHAR1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Allergic Rhinitis, Buffalo Hump, Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill
Contraceptives:
Legal and illegal steroids:
Hormones travel in blood and affect distant sites.
Levels kept in a normal range
- Hypothalamo-pituitary-end organ axis
Steroid hormones:
Derived from cholesterol.
- 4 ring structure
- Rings named A-D
- Individual carbons numbered.
Corticosteroids
- Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
- Mineralocorticoids.
Male sex hormones
Female sex hormones
Corticosteroids: widely used in clinical practice
Anti-inflammatories
- Asthma
- Allergic rhinitis
- Arthritis ad joint issues
- Dermatitis / eczema
- IBD
- Premature infants
- Eye disease
Side effects:
Severe, especially with high doses and oral taking.
Cushingoid:
- Fat deposition – moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity
- Thin skin – bruising and striae
Male sex hormones – androgens:
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AAS – Anabolic androgenic steroids:
Endogenous androgens: testosterone, DHEA, androstenedione
Made by testes and adrenal cortex.
Synthesis of endogenous testosterone tightly controlled;
Androgenic – masculinizing:
- Fetal male characteristics
- Pubertal changes
- Maintenance of male features
- Spermatogenesis.
Anabolic – growth stimulating:
- Increase protein synthesis in growing tissues
- Increase muscle and bone mass
- Maintenance of increased mass
Legal uses of AAS:
- Androgen deficiency
- Clinical misuse of AAS
- prescription with no acceptable medical indication
- eg. Infertility or erectile dysfunction.
When AAS shouldn’t be used :
Absolute contra-indications
- Prostate cancer
- Breast cancer
- High RBC count
- Heart failure
- Sleep apnoea.
Illegal use of AAS: abuse
Involves using androgens obtained without legal prescription in absence of medical indication.
- Sporting – competitive (usually power sports)
- Recreational – body builders
- Professional – bouncers, wrestling etc.
Legal aspects:
Anabolic steroids controlled in Aus
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- Illegal to possess, use, supply, import, manufacture or trade PEIDs without prescription or
license.
- People convicted of importing face max fines of $110,000 or 5 year jail.
- Supplements may contain significant amounts.
Evolution of the problem.
Brown-Sequard (19th cent doctor) injected self with extracts from guinea pig and dog testes.
- Announced he felt younger and energy renewed
1935 – Testosterone isolated and synthesized by Butenandt and Ruzicka – Nobel prize 1939
Initially used for medicine only – hypogonadism
WW2 – testosterone and analogues used by Nazi soldiers to increase strength.
1954 – USSR weightlifters begin dominating.
1950s – other power based sports
1970s – Competitive bodybuilders catch on
1973 – East German women take 10/14 gold medals
1975 – IOC bans anabolic steroids
1988 – Ben Johnson – out of competition testing
Performance enhancing drugs in sport
Not only steroids
- Human growth hormone and steroids (strength)
- Blood doping and erythropoietin (endurance)
- Beta-blockers (precision events)
Early Olympics:
1904 – marathon winner Thomas Hicks.
Given strychnine and brandy during event when energy flagged
- Needed care of 4 physicians after race
Heroin, morphine and cocaine also used
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Hormones travel in blood and affect distant sites. Severe, especially with high doses and oral taking. Fat deposition moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity. Involves using androgens obtained without legal prescription in absence of medical indication. Illegal to possess, use, supply, import, manufacture or trade peids without prescription or license. People convicted of importing face max fines of ,000 or 5 year jail. Brown-sequard (19th cent doctor) injected self with extracts from guinea pig and dog testes. Announced he felt younger and energy renewed. 1935 testosterone isolated and synthesized by butenandt and ruzicka nobel prize 1939. Ww2 testosterone and analogues used by nazi soldiers to increase strength. 1973 east german women take 10/14 gold medals. 1988 ben johnson out of competition testing. Given strychnine and brandy during event when energy flagged. Needed care of 4 physicians after race. More bad and less good cholesterol testicular atrophy (low sperm production) acne long bone growth decreased cancer liver and lymphomas.
