314151 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Somatic Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System, Extracellular Fluid
24 May 2018
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Lecture 7 – (W9)
Endocrine system:
Regulatory systems:
- Nervous system
o Somatic nervous system – voluntary system, skeletal muscle contraction.
o Autonomic nervous system – involuntary system, maintains a state of homeostasis
▪ Sympathetic system – fight o flight. Pepaes the od fo steuous
situations.
▪ Parasympathetic system – est ad digest. Assists duig the uiet phases.
- Endocrine system
o Endocrine glands secrete hormones that travel in the blood stream to target tissues.
o Geek = edo within krino secrete.
o Allows cells to communicate with each other.
CNS vs. Endocrine:
Similarities -
- Both systems use the brain and hypothalamus
- Some molecules are used as both neurotransmitters and hormones.
- Both systems work to regulate body functions.
- Some neurons secrete hormones.
Differences -
- Mode of transport
o Endocrine – secretes hormones into the blood stream
o Nervous system secretes neurotransmitters, which are directly released onto target cells.
- Speed of response
o The endocrine system is slower
- Duration of response
o Hormones can last in the blood stream for days or weeks.
o Nervous system is active for ever how long the action potential is active.
Role of the endocrine system:
- Metabolism
- Control of food intake and digestion
- Tissue development
- Ion levels
- Water balance
- Heart rate and blood pressure changes
- Control of blood glucose and other nutrients
- Control of reproductive functions
- Uterine contractions and milk release
- Immune system function
Classes of chemical messengers -
- Autocrine – secretes from an individuals cell and influences the same cell its secreted from.
- Paracrine – produced by a wide variety of tissues and secreted into extracellular fluid and has a
localized effect.
- Neurotransmitter – produced by neurons and secreted into the synaptic cleft and travels a short
distance to influence postsynaptic cells.
- Endocrine – hormone secreted into the blood stream, which travel some distance to target tissues.
Hormone characteristics:
- Stability -
o For continuous activation of targets hormones must remain active in the blood stream long
enough to reach their destination
o Diffeees eist etee hooes ad thei espetie half lifes.
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Document Summary
Somatic nervous system voluntary system, skeletal muscle contraction: autonomic nervous system involuntary system, maintains a state of homeostasis. Endocrine system: endocrine glands secrete hormones that travel in the blood stream to target tissues, g(cid:396)eek = e(cid:374)do (cid:858)within(cid:859) krino (cid:858)secrete(cid:859), allows cells to communicate with each other. Some molecules are used as both neurotransmitters and hormones. Mode of transport: endocrine secretes hormones into the blood stream, nervous system secretes neurotransmitters, which are directly released onto target cells. Speed of response: the endocrine system is slower. Duration of response: hormones can last in the blood stream for days or weeks, nervous system is active for ever how long the action potential is active. Autocrine secretes from an individuals cell and influences the same cell its secreted from. Paracrine produced by a wide variety of tissues and secreted into extracellular fluid and has a localized effect.
