HPS111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Occipital Lobe, Anterograde Amnesia, Memory Consolidation
WEEK 8: Memory and attention
Attention
- Focus and processing of a fraction of available information
- Can be selective or focused for content
- Useful in:
- Searching
- Screening
- Selective: ignoring unimportant information we don’t need
selective
- Headphones, two different messages
- Attend or unattended
- Dycotic listening task
- Cocktail party effect
- Can focus and selectively attending to one auditory stimuli among many
- Bottle neck occurring in our processing, a point within a system that limits overall capacity
Visual search
- Task to search for objects
- Number of things you are searching for
- Single features are easier to pick, pop out of the information
- Parallel processing, process many features at one time
Divided attention
- One or more inputs at once
- Multiple inputs or tasks
- Sometimes easy sometimes hard
- This depends on the amount of resources we have, the amount of attention
- And also the complexity of the tasks
- Different resources and low amount of tasks means can do each
Driving and on the phone
- Interferes with driving
- Executive control
- With practice needs less resources
find more resources at oneclass.com
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- Overtime it makes it easier need less attention
- More experienced drivers has less crashes
Intentional blindness
- When you cant see something you are looking for
- Until someone brings your attention to it
Change blindness
- Look at a scene and focus on something else
- Don’t notice the major change in the scene
- Miss things because they are focusing on something else
- Doesn’t enter our memory, if we don’t pay attention
Memory
- Without memory- difficult, help us to learn and apply that knowledge
- In terms of evolution
- Don’t retain all detail
- Memory wouldn’t be sufficient and flexible and generalise what we have learnt
- Aren’t always detailed
- Marzluff et al (2010), crows and tracking and banding, loud noise
- Remember threats
Types
- Short term memory
oLimited in duration ( less than 30 seconds)
oLimited in size (5-9 items)
oEncoded- putting something into memory
oRehearsal- a process of repetition which keeps information in short term memory
oActs as “working memory”- provides processing workspace for information
oModel:
oPhonological loop- stores sound information
oVisuospatial sketchpad- stores visual or spatial information
o Episodic buffer- temporary integration and processing space
oCentral executive- sequencing and management
- Need to be further encoded to go to long term memory
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Focus and processing of a fraction of available information. Selective: ignoring unimportant information we don"t need selective. Can focus and selectively attending to one auditory stimuli among many. Bottle neck occurring in our processing, a point within a system that limits overall capacity. Single features are easier to pick, pop out of the information. Parallel processing, process many features at one time. This depends on the amount of resources we have, the amount of attention. Different resources and low amount of tasks means can do each. Overtime it makes it easier need less attention. Look at a scene and focus on something else. Don"t notice the major change in the scene. Miss things because they are focusing on something else. Doesn"t enter our memory, if we don"t pay attention. Without memory- difficult, help us to learn and apply that knowledge. Memory wouldn"t be sufficient and flexible and generalise what we have learnt.
