EDUC10057 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Mindset, Optimism Bias, Metatheory
10 Jun 2018
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EDUC10057 – WELLBEING, MOTIVATION, & PERFORMANCE
LECTURE 9 . 1 – MOTIVATION
Self-determination Theory: a metatheory containing 6 smaller theories
Basic Psychological Needs Theory:
• Competence: need for self-efficacy, confidence, & mastery
• Autonomy: need for a perceived internal locus of control; self-determined
• Relatedness: need for belongingness & connection
Organismic Integration Theory (OIT):
• Types of Motivation: continuum from high quality to
lower quality – often experience multiple
• Intrinsic: enjoyment, interest, inherent satisfaction
• Extrinsic:
• Identity: do it b/c it feels like me; part of identity
• Value: do it b/c I believe it’s important & value it
• Guild / pride: do it because I feel I should; because I like to prove I’m the best
• Reward / punishment: do it because I’m rewarded for it / punished it I don’t
• Lower quality / external: lower wellbeing, more distress, more prone to unsportsmanship
• Higher quality / internal: more self-motivated, higher wellbeing, less distress, more
persistent, happier, more sportsperson-like, less likely to cheat
Fixed Mindset: your ability is something basic about you that you really can’t change
• Desire to look talented, avoids challenges, gives up easily with setbacks, sees effort as pointless,
ignores feedback, threatened by others’ success
Growth Mindset: no matter who you are, you can substantially change your level of ability
• Desire to learn, embraces challenges, persists with setbacks, sees effort as the key to mastering skills,
learns from constructive feedback, inspired by others’ success
• Is related to higher quality motivation
• Strategies to promote growth mindset:
• Focus on efforts & persistence (rather than talent)
• Facilitate challenge
• Promote the value of failure – seek help
• Define success as effort
• Promote learning
• Provide high expectations (depending on the context)
LECTURE 9 . 2 – OPTIMISM
Pessimism: unfavourable expectations for the future, a tendency to stress the negative / gloomiest
possible view, belief that the bad in the world outweighs the good
Optimism: favourable expectations for the future, expecting the best of all possible worlds, looking on
the bright side of things
• Expectancy-effort link: unfavourable expectations → low effort (withdrawal / give up) →
unfavourable outcomes. Favourable expectations → high effort (engagement)→ favourable outcomes
• Optimism bias: tendency to overestimate our likelihood of experiencing good events, &
underestimate the likelihood of experiencing bad events (e.g. smoking, gambling, crime, accidents)
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