PSYC10003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 32: Implicit Memory, Explicit Memory, Episodic Memory
6 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYC10003 – MIND, BRAIN, & BEHAVIOUR 1
COGNITION
Lecture 32 (Week 11 . 2) – Long-term Memory & Amnesia
Long-term Memory:
• Declarative memory (explicit): long-term memory that can
be consciously recollected & ‘declared’ / described to other
people – facts, events, locations
• Is Hippocampal-dependent. Uses explicit retrieval, &
explicit memory tests
• Endel Tulving: proposed the subdivisions of declarative memory (aren’t completely distinct):
• Episodic memory: the conscious knowledge of temporally dated, spatially located, & personally
experienced events or episodes. Has a context
• Semantic memory: knowledge about words & concepts, their properties, & interrelations –
general knowledge, what / why, abstract knowledge. Accumulated across multiple experiences
• Non-Declarative memory (implicit): forms of LTM that’re expressed as a change in behaviour,
without conscious recollection – motor skills & cognitive skills (e.g. reading)
• Non-hippocampal dependent. Uses implicit retrieval, & implicit memory tests
• Procedural memory: non-declarative memory that involves learning motor & cognitive skills
• Priming: a form of non-declarative memory demonstrated by a change in the ability to identify a
stimulus as the result of prior exposure to that stimulus, or a related stimulus
• Repetition priming: same stimulus (e.g. word)
• Associative / semantic priming: similar stimulus (e.g. nurse → doctor)
• Associative learning:
• Classical conditioning: learning to attend to a neutral stimulus b/c it’s become associated
with a meaningful stimulus
• Operant conditioning: learning to produce / avoid a behaviour b/c it’s become associated
with rewarding / punishing consequences
• Non-associative learning:
• Habituation: learning to ignore a stimulus b/c it’s trivial (eg screening out background noise)
• Sensitisation: learning to attend to a potentially threatening stimulus
Amnesia: deficits in memory caused by brain damage, disease, drug abuse, or psychological trauma
• Retrograde Amnesia: inability to remember knowledge acquired before the brain injury
• Is graded: oldest memories are less susceptible to amnesia, issue with more recent ones
• Anterograde Amnesia: inability to recall anything since the time of the brain injury (new info)
• Contribution of knowledge of memory:
• Medial temporal lobes (hippocampus): damage doesn’t wipe out most declarative memories,
so we know memories aren’t stored there. Critical for consolidation of new info (anterograde)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Long-term memory: declarative memory (explicit): long-term memory that can be consciously recollected & declared" / described to other people facts, events, locations. Uses explicit retrieval, & explicit memory tests: endel tulving: proposed the subdivisions of declarative memory (aren"t completely distinct), episodic memory: the conscious knowledge of temporally dated, spatially located, & personally experienced events or episodes. Has a context: semantic memory: knowledge about words & concepts, their properties, & interrelations general knowledge, what / why, abstract knowledge. Accumulated across multiple experiences: non-declarative memory (implicit): forms of ltm that"re expressed as a change in behaviour, without conscious recollection motor skills & cognitive skills (e. g. reading, non-hippocampal dependent. Amnesia: deficits in memory caused by brain damage, disease, drug abuse, or psychological trauma: retrograde amnesia: inability to remember knowledge acquired before the brain injury.
